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Solidariskt ansvar har under lång tid tillämpats i Svensk lag i fall då flera personer ska svara för ett skadestånd. Det solidariska ansvaret innebär att en skadelidande kan kräva ut hela skadeståndet från endera skadevållaren. För att detta inte ska leda till orimliga slutsatser finns det dock tillfällen vid jämkade skadestånd då det solidariska skadeståndet ej används. I vilka jämkningsfall ett Joint and several liability has been used in Sweden for a long time when several people are held responsible for damages. Joint and several liability entails that a creditor can demand full compensation from any of the defendants. In order for this rule not to result in absurd consequences, there is an exception where mitigation of damages can lead to several liability instead. However, to what ex

I Zinkgruvan, Sverige, bryts zink, bly och silver ur en stratiform malmkropp. Denna anses vara syngenetiskt avsatt och återfinns i metavulkaniska och metasedimentära bergarter. En förkastning, Knallaförkastningen, delar malmförekomsten i två delar. Den västra delen, Knalla, är kraftigt deformerad medan den östra, Nygruvan, har en väl utvecklad lagring. Stratigrafiskt under Zn-Pb-Ag- malmen i västrAt Zinkgruvan, Sweden, zinc, lead and silver are mined from a stratiform ore body. It is considered syngenetic and situated in metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks. A fault, the Knalla fault, separates the Zinkgruvan deposit into two parts. In the western part, Knalla, the ore is severely deformed, whereas in the eastern part, Nygruvan, a distinct layering occurs. In the western part of Knalla,

This thesis work is concerned with the efficient layout and operation of substations, i.e. those district heating (DH) system units which connect the network and internal building heating systems, such as radiator heating systems and domestic hot water distribution networks. The ambition was to make realistic investigations closely related to practical technologies within the field. The themes of

Aim: The Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) is a flagship species for global freshwater ecosystems. As one of the most widely distributed Palearctic mammals, the otter used to inhabit most provinces in China. However, after decades of relentless hunting and habitat degradation, the Sanjiangyuan Region is now one of last strongholds for this species in China. Currently, there still remains an enormous kn

Video games can be seen as a media that immerses players. The formation of a good game order is an important guarantee for players to engage in electronic games. This paper selects the most popular mobile MOBA game in China, "Honor of Kings," as the research object to analyze the formation process of the game order. In previous studies, game order has often been understood as game rules

Background: Despite the surcharge for the rush orders and discounts for the normal orders, some dealers of Volvo Construction Equipment (Volvo CE) in the EU region frequently make rush orders. Currently, there are three types of orders implemented by Volvo CE: Emergency Order (EO) which is processed at the same day the order is received by the Distribution Centre (DC), Day Order (DO) which is pro

Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are the standard tool for describing jet-like multi-particle final states. To apply them to the simulation of medium-modified jets in heavy ion collisions, a probabilistic implementation of medium-induced quantum interference effects is needed. Here, we analyze in detail how the quantum interference effects included in the Baier-Dokshitzer-Mueller-Peigné-Schiff–Zakharo

Objective. Patients with RA have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Management of RA has changed substantially over time. Our aim was to evaluate changes in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality over the period of 1978-2002. Methods. Two cohorts of consecutive patients with RA seen at outpatient clinics in Malmö, Sweden, were started in 1978 (n = 148) and 1995 (n = 161) and compared wit

With the attempts to increase power, efficiency and thrust, modern gas turbines operate with combustor outlet temperatures of 1800-2000 K, which are far beyond the allowable metal temperatures. Turbine blades are exposed to these high temperature gases and may undergo severe thermal stress and fatigue. Thus, in order to develop optimal cooling strategies and reduce the heat transfer it is importan

Spectral information obtained from induced polarization (IP) measurements can be used in a variety of applications and is often gathered in frequency domain (FD) at the laboratory scale. In contrast, field IP measurements are mostly done in time domain (TD). Theoretically, the spectral content from both domains should be similar. In practice, they are often different, mainly due to instrumental res

This paper reports on the spray structure of the biofuels, ethanol, and butanol generated by a multihole direct-injection spark-ignition injector, which is studied in a constant volume chamber. The spray shape and structure are analyzed using two-phase structured laser illumination planar imaging where both laser-induced fluorescence and Mie-scattering light are recorded simultaneously for the ext

In Safeguards work under the Non-Proliferation Treaty, the isotopic analysis of uranium and plutonium micro particles has strengthened the means for detecting undeclared nuclear activities. In order to assure accuracy and precision in the analytical methodologies used, the instrumental techniques need to be calibrated. The objective of this study was to produce and characterize particles consistin

Being a small business in the clothing industry involves a lot of hard work that extends beyond the usual eight-hour day. It is an industry characterized by fierce competition, tough conditions and requires cutting costs, unique marketing and a strong brand to succeed. However, this is everyday life for Svensson Jeans, a young clothing company that since its inception five years ago sells its own

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by its debilitating epileptic seizures. There are generalized seizures, which affect the whole brain at once, and focal seizures, which start from one part of the brain. The most common focal epilepsy, is temporal lobe epilepsy representing almost 70% of all focal epilepsies. Around 30% of all patients are therapy refractory, therefore there is a h

The forceful storms and the stricter regulations from the government within the last years have forced E.ON to start a project called “Krafttag”. The goal of the project is to ensure uninterrupted power supply to the customers by investing in underground cables. A problem with the underground cables is the high natural capacitance that contributes to an enlarged current in the case of an earth fau

The telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter, an important element of telomerase expression, has emerged as a target of cancer-specific mutations. Originally described in melanoma, the mutations in TERT promoter have been shown to be common in certain other tumor types that include glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and bladder cancer. To fully define the occurrence and effect of the

Aims Alternative transcription and splicing of the allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) gene results in the expression of two different proteins: AIF-1 and interferon responsive transcript-1 (IRT-1). Here we explore the impact of AIF-1 and IRT-1 on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) activation and neointima formation, the mechanisms underlying their alternative splicing, and associations of AIF

One feature of climate change is the increasing heat exposure in many workplaces where efficient cooling systems cannot be applied. Excessive heat exposure is a particular problem for working people because of the internal heat production when muscle work is carried out. The physiological basis for severe heat stroke, other clinical effects, and heat exhaustion is well known. One feature of this h

Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a modulator of neuronal transmission in mature neuronal systems, including the retina. Recently, NO has also been suggested to have a trophic function during development. We examined immunocytochemically the distribution of NO-producing cells in developing and transplanted rabbit retinas. An antibody detecting the neuronal isoform of its biosynthetic enzyme, nitric oxide

The aim of this study is to understand the mechanisms behind the diffusion of fired bricks in Hellenistic Europe, initiated in the north Aegean in the 4th century BC. To this end, a social diffusion model is used to simulate the available archaeological data pertaining to this process. The starting point in the construction of the model is the assumption that different categories of people contrib