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Quantum mechanics forbids perfect discrimination of non-orthogonal states, a limitation that can be exploited to certify intrinsic randomness. Building on this principle, this thesis investigates how limits on state discrimination can be used to generate certified randomness in prepare-and-measure protocols. In particular, we study how the performance of minimum-error quantum state discrimination
We use a numerical model based on non-equilibrium Green's functions to investigate the influence of interface roughness (IFR) scattering in terahertz quantum cascade lasers. We confirm that IFR is an important phenomenon that affects both current and gain. The simulations indicate that IFR causes a leakage current that transfers electrons from the upper to the lower laser state. In certain cases,
In a quantum-mechanical system, particle-hole duality implies that instead of studying particles, we can get equivalent information by studying the missing particles, the so-called holes. Using this duality picture for fermions in a rotating trap the vortices appear as holes in the Fermi sea. Here we predict that the formation of vortices in quantum dots at high magnetic fields causes oscillations
Inverse problems are important in quantum mechanics and involve such questions as finding which potential give a certain spectrum or which arrangement of atoms give certain properties to a molecule or solid. Inverse problems are typically very hard to solve and tend to be very compute intense. We here show that neural networks can easily solve inverse problems in quantum mechanics. It is known tha
Our researchers meet society's challenges in IT and communications. Together with the industry, they are building the information technology of the future through new innovations, methods and knowledge. The development of and demand for 6G technology, robots and self-driving cars is advancing rapidly. In these areas, technological breakthroughs are crucial if we are to meet the needs of the indust
https://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/research-and-innovation/focus-areas/strategic-research-areas/information-technology - 2026-07-13
Visiting Professor at the Lund University School of Economics and Management Current position: ProfessorCurrent university or institution: Columbia UniversityCountry: USA Why did you choose Lund University?I have already spent two years as a visiting professor in the Department of Statistics at LUSEM, which has been an extremely positive experience. During this time, I have established strong co
https://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/iuliana-ionita-laza - 2026-07-13
Surface interactions of water with nano-TiO2 and structurally related group IV metal dioxide nanoparticles have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations. The investigated clusters include 46 and 92 unit models of TiO2 (i.e., (TiO2)(46) and (TiO2)(92)) of the three low-energy polymorphs of TiO2: anatase, rutile, and brookite. The investiga
Over the last decade it has been pointed out by several philosophers that not all Status Function Declarations are synchronic: some such declarations are directed toward the absolute past. Such Status Function Declarations are perplexing if one is an ontic realist with respect to institutional properties and states of affairs. If successful, such Status Function Declarations seem to change the absOver the last decade it has been pointed out by several philosophers that not all Status Function Declarations are synchronic: some such declarations are directed toward the absolute past. Such Status Function Declarations are perplexing if one is an ontic realist with respect to institutional properties and states of affairs. If successful, such Status Function Declarations seem to change the abs
Fotoreceptorerna - tappar och stavar - i ögats näthinna behövs för vår syn men är mycket sårbara, och sjukdomar kan göra att de degenererar och dör, vilket ger svår synnedsättning eller blindhet. En sådan sjukdom är Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), som drabbar ungefär 1 på 3000-4000 personer. RP-sjukdomen är ärftlig och beror på genmutationer, men det är oklart hur dessa får fotoreceptorerna att dö och The rod and cone photoreceptors in the retina of the eye are crucial for our vision, but also vulnerable to diseases, which can make them degenerate and die. Such diseases include Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a heritable disease with a prevalence of about 1 in 3.000 – 4000 people. RP comes from gene mutations but it is not clear how these cause the degeneration and there are no therapies available.
Plasmonic materials have optical cross sections that exceed by 10-fold their geometric sizes, making them uniquely suitable to convert light into electrical charges. Harvesting plasmon-generated hot carriers is of interest for the broad fields of photovoltaics and photocatalysis; however, their direct utilization is limited by their ultrafast thermalization in metals. To prolong the lifetime of ho
More efficient solar cells that are ultra-thin and flexible. Cleaner fuel that uses light to convert carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide. These are examples of discoveries that show how knowledge of light and materials can create new, more sustainable products for the future. Advanced basic researchWith the expertise available at Lund Laser Centre (LLC), NanoLund and MAX IV, researchers are now ab
https://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/research-and-innovation/research-excellence-areas/profile-areas/light-and-materials - 2026-07-13
Coherent radiation from a relativistic electron beam is a valuable way to overcome the present limitations of conventional lasers and synchrotron radiation light sources. The typical scheme has electrons, directly from a linac, in a single-pass interaction with a laser pulse in the presence of a static undulator magnetic field. We demonstrate that a storage-ring free-electron laser can also achiev
In this paper, we review the physics of harmonic generation in gases and production of short attosecond pulses. Different methods to ensure a sufficient degree of synchronization, for example, selecting the cutoff region of the spectrum or compressing of attosecond pulses with apertures and metallic filters are presented
