As the Union Customs Code will replace the Community Customs Code with effect from 1 May 2016, the thesis focuses on the new treatment of royalty payments for customs purposes and its legal consequences. In a first step, a comparison between the Community Customs Code and the Union Customs Code reveals that importers will have to face a significant increase in the customs liability of royalty pa

Examensarbetets titel: Kreditbetyg – åsikter för döva öron? – En studie om nedgraderade kreditbetygs inverkan på nordiska bolags aktiekurser Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka om ett bolags nedgraderade kreditbetyg genererar negativ abnorm avkastning för dess aktie. Studien undersöker även huruvida faktorer såsom kapitalstruktur, outlook och finanskrisen har effekt på eventuell negativ abnorm Title: Credit Ratings – Opinions that fall on deaf ears? A study about the impact of credit rating downgrades on Nordic companies’ share price. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine whether credit rating downgrades generate negative abnormal return on stock prices. It also examines if independent variables such as capital structure, outlook and the financial crisis have an impact on the

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore psychotherapists´ experiences of termination in psychotherapy. The study has applied a qualitative method combining phenomenological and hermeneutic perspectives. Eight psychodynamically oriented psychotherapists were asked, using one broad and open question, to tell about one or several memories from terminations of therapies. The dominating ex

The aim of this study is to investigate how documents regulating municipal work related to housing provision are shaped, and how they utilize concepts of “need” and “demand”. Interviews with municipal planners are conducted to deepen the understanding of the municipal role in Swedish housing provision today. This understanding is crucial in discussions between public and private actors, which are

In this paper a planned Cycle Super Highway between two Swedish cities, Malmö and Lund, are studied with the focus onto what extent public participation should be implemented in the planning process. The question at issue was examined by performing quantitative interviews with cyclists traveling the current route, a common bicycle path, and also by interviewing three planners representing public a

The Swedish government has recently been proposing for a digitization of the spatial plans. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how this digitization would affect the public participation during the process of creating a spatial plan. This will be done by testing the theory of Ladder of participation, created by Sherry Arnstein in 1969, and a theory of participation stairs created by Swedi

This bachelor project provides an analysis of the regional, organizational arena of Denmark and takes point of departure in the structural reform of 2007, which changed the Danish political landscape radically. The result of the reform was that the old municipalities and regions were enlarged and the power relation was changed. The new physical form made the municipalities far more influential, an

Kanelbulle och katalysator: Temperaturerna som förändrar världen Temperatur är något som de flesta av oss talar om dagligen. Det må handla om vädrets föränderlighet eller värmepannans oförmåga att värma upp huset; oavsett vad så är temperatur en faktor som diskuteras. För en katalysator i en kemisk omvandling är korrekt temperatur avgörande, och kan spela stor roll för framtidens utvecklingar inoAccurate temperature measurements using thermocouples inside a catalysis reaction chamber is problematic due to the difficulties to attach the thermocouple to the catalysis sample. It is also of interest to accurately know the pressure inside the reaction chamber. In this work, thermographic phosphors have been utilized in order to determine the temperatures occurring inside a catalysis reaction c

The aim of this essay is to analyse the discursive power structure between urban and rural, and how this is expressed in regional and municipal planning. I also aim to examine how different development potential is attributed to different geographical places to map how the discursive power structure has created the current planning paradigm. In addition to this I am going to discuss if it is possi

In this case study the planning process of the new modernist city district of Hyllie in Malmö, Sweden is analyzed through a neoliberal and power theoretical perspective. From the original plans as a part of the great Swedish Million Program in the 1960's - 1970's not much happened to this wide arable landscape until the industrial crisis hit Malmö in the 1980's. This crisis caused larg

This paper explores the ability of gentrification in Bilbao and the neighbourhood La Vieja. This paper also examines the relationship between regeneration strategies and economic, social, historical and political restructurings. To do that, has the paper tried to analyse the causes of why La Vieja was gentrified, based on a case study. The results both include the positive effect and the negative

The urban areas are growing and the public spaces tend to be exploit. In Sweden, the urban planning must strive to achieve a good built environment. The aim of this paper is to study why the public spaces are important in the city, which qualities are important to promote people to use public places and if the municipality of Lomma are planning for a good built environment in the public areas. The

Bakgrund: När ett barn opereras finns ett starkt samband mellan föräldrarnas och vårdpersonalens beteende vilket påverkar barnet sätt att hantera den nya miljön och anestesin. Att anestesisjuksköterskan möter barn i alla åldrar ställer höga krav på bemötandet och hur informationen anpassas till dem och deras föräldrar. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att belysa föräldrarnas upplevelse av mötet med an

Med en global befolkning som väntas nå 9 miljarder människor 2050 kommer det eventuellt att behöva produceras upptill 70 % mer mat än idag. Detta kommer att kräva ännu mer omfattande användning av gödningsmedel. I kombination med en växande klimatkris kommer behovet av biobränslen också att öka och ytterligare höja efterfrågan på näringsämnen. De flesta konventionella gödningsmedel produceras idagWith world population expected to reach 9 billion people by 2050, global food production might need to rise by up 70 %. This will require even more extensive use of fertilizers than today. In the wake of an emerging climate crisis the need for biofuels will also increase and further exacerbate the nutrient demand. Most conventional fertilizers are today produced in an unsustainable way and mineral

This paper examines the statements of Ruslan Gatarov and Sergei Zheleznyak regarding the strengthening of Russian ’cyber sovereignty’. The purpose of the paper is to define cyber sovereignty from a Russian perspective using selected theory on cyber-power and sovereignty in cyberspace by David Betz and Tim Stevens as well as empirical research by various authors. The paper concludes that in the Rus

Uppsatsen behandlar frågan om hur USA:s konstitution ska tolkas. Frågan har inget givet svar, tvärtom, det råder väldigt delade uppfattningar om det. Skillnaderna grundar sig inte enbart i frågan om vilket tillvägagångssätt som är bäst för att tolka konstitutionen. I grund och botten handlar frågan om vilket sorts dokument konstitutionen är. Den stora skiljelinjen går mellan de som anser att den hThis essay deals with the question of how the United States Constitution should be interpreted. That is not a question that has a clear answer. On the contrary, the question in fact has no answer, at least not one that people agree about. As we will see, the differences in opinions runs far deeper than merely being about what kind of methodology should be used to construe the various statutes with

The essay aims to examine how Kallerstad can develop into a lively, safe and attractive urban space. Today the area consists of a mainly industrial landscape. The plan from the municipality of Linköping is to transform Kallerstad into a new city area. To answer the question of how the area can be developed to a lively, safe and attractive urban space a case study of Kallerstad has been done. This

Food safety and quality has been an emerging trend on the food market in recent years. In the grain and cereals market focus is shifting from looking at grain as a bulk commodity to look at it as individual kernels. In the pursuit of quality improvement and assurance various methods are emerging attempting to sort grain, all grain, according to quality on a single kernel basis. One such technology

Malmo’s visions in their planning documents are to be a sustainable city with sustainable travel. In the future Malmo will be a city with short distances and great availability to all parts of the city. To be able to meet these goals and visions it will be necessary to change and improve the public transport system and in particular the accessibility for buses in city traffic. This essay aims to

Behovet av en ökad koppling mellan regional utveckling och fysisk planering är något som under de senaste åren lyfts fram som viktigt på nationell nivå i Sverige. Ett perspektiv som utifrån denna diskussion har fått stort utrymme är hur ortstrukturen, det vill säga hur olika orter förhåller sig till varandra, ser ut på en regional nivå. Ofta lyfts en flerkärnig ortstruktur fram som en utveckling a