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Spain has in recent years suffered a deep recession with very low growth rates and a growing public debt. The country has in 2012 taken several fiscal measures in order to help overcome its crisis and reduce the public debt. The objective of this study is to analyze some of these changes; tax rises and spending cuts and the increased taxes I have chosen to analyze are the income tax, capital gains

Vattendrag i Sverige har genom tiderna blivit mycket påverkade av jordbruk och andra mänskliga faktorer. Framförallt vattendragen i Skåne är kraftigt påverkade och har varit det under de senaste 150 åren, sedan jordbruket gjordes mer effektivt. Utdikning och uträtning av våra åar har gett jordbruken mer plats och effektiviserat det. Ökningen av jordbrukets avkastning har lett till att våra vattendStreams in Scania are and have been highly affected by the intense agriculture taking place in their surroundings. It is known how nutrients and suspended solids severely affect species living in the streams as well as in the watercourses in southwestern parts of Scania where the water ends up in the end. Streams in Scania have been regulated in many ways to increase the agricultural payoff and th

Vårt sparande har ökat under de senaste åren, likaså efterfrågan på olika sparandealternativ. Det har exempelvis blivit allt vanligare att investera med hänsyn till etiska aspekter. För att undersöka om etiska fonder är ett likvärdigt alternativ till de traditionella fonderna har jag valt att undersöka och jämföra deras prestationer på den amerikanska marknaden utifrån en tio års period. Genom

In the past people sought for information via libraries, travel magazines or were inspired by marketing the travel agency made in order to attract consumers. Before the Internet era one way communication was the right way to follow. Since Internet was developed two ways communication has evolved and people can talk to each other worldwide. The development of the two ways communication has created

Abstract Inbreeding (selfing) was investigated already by Charles Darwin, who wanted to understand why outcrossing (non-selfing) is the predominant mating choice in the kingdom of plants. He found that inbreeding often results in less viable and fertile plants compared to outcrossing, what is known as inbreeding depression, and can be explained with increased homozygosity in the inbred, making the

Olikheter i nationers lagstiftning och mellan olika rättsystem vad gäller restriktioner i hur man värderar säkerhetsrätter där själva säkerheten inte befinner sig i borgenärens besittning har länge försvårat marknaden för finansiering och leasing, särskilt vad gäller högt värderad egendom såsom luftfartsutrustning, rullande järnvägsmateriell och tillgångar avsedda för rymden. Dessutom ger lagstift

This thesis assess three different conditional variance models from the GARCH family - GARCH(1,1), EGARCH(1,1) and GJR-GARCH(1,1) - and their accuracy in making one-day forecasts together with Value at Risk. The study is made on the daily returns of the OMX Stockholm 30 index between 2002-01-01 and 2010- 12-31. A five year in-sample set was used to estimate the model parameters and to make one-day

Questo lavoro è dedicato alla traduzione del romanzo Gomorra di Roberto Saviano, tradotto nello svedese da Barbro Andersson. Da un lato, si analizza la traduzione di vari fenomeni grammaticali, come le parafrasi, le frasi condensate, le frasi ellittiche e l’uso del gerundio. Dall’altro, si indaga su come cambino in svedese varie locuzioni e casi di linguaggio figurato. This essay contains an a

This study deals with the acquisition of negation in French second language for Swedish speakers in written production. In fact, numerous studies have been dedicated to this subject, investigating learners with different first languages. However, these studies often examine the acquisition of negation in oral language. Given the difference between speaking and writing in French language, it is als

Då konkurrensen mellan börsbolagen ökat och det generella finansklimatet hårdnat är det i dagsläget nästintill en daglig företeelse att svenska börsbolag genomför olika typer av emissioner. Börsbolagens ökade kapitalbeho¬v har även lett till en klar ökning vad gäller bolagens användning av riktade emissioner och samtidigt åskådliggjort vissa bolags- och aktiemarknads-rättsliga problem som uppstår The increased competition between listed companies on the Swedish stock market (“Stock market” below) in connection with a hardening of the financial climate has made various types of stock issues almost a daily occurrence on the Stock market. The companies’ steadily increasing capital requirements has also led to a significant upturn in the use of targeted stock issues. This development exemplifi

The coalescence of emulsion droplets during the homogenization process is governed by the emulsifier adsorption rate. This is in turn affected by the size and shape of the adsorbing molecule which can be dependant of the aggregation states. The aim of this thesis was to develop a model system suitable for measuring the efficiency of emulsifier during homogenization and to evaluate the hypothesis t

Galectin är ett protein som har visats vara involverad i biologiska processer som intracellulär transport, cellsignalering, celldöd och celladhesion. Dessa processer kan i sin tur vara relaterade till inflammation, cancer och immunitet. I galectin finns det kolhydrat igenkännande domäner där β-galaktosid kan binda in. β-Galaktosid är en glykosid som innehåller galaktos. Glykosider är ämnen med tvåGalectins play an important role in inflammation, immunity, cancer progression and are potential targets for novel anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory compounds. Coumarin thiodigalacoside hydrid had proved to be potent, nanomolar, and selective inhibitor of galectin-3. Three novel coumarin thiodigalactoside derivatives have been synthesized by copper-catalyzed multicomponent reaction. Two compounds

Utvärdering av ett målprotein för behandling av ledgångsreumatism Reumatisk artrit (RA), eller ledgångsreumatism som det också kallas, är en autoimmun sjukdom som 1% av världens befolkning lider av. Kroppens egna immunceller blir autoreaktiva och attackerar lederna i främst händer och fötter. Den ökade mängden immunceller i de här lederna resulterar i svullnad och inflammation, men även ben och bRheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease resulting in swelling and destruction of bone and cartilage within the small joints. The mechanism behind the disease is not fully understood, but the interaction of autoreactive T-cells with effector cells like B-cells and macrophages through cytokine signaling is believed to be important. A potential target for drug development against arthritis that

I vilken utsträckning är det rimligt att friskriva sig från ansvar i ett kontraktsförhållande? Detta är en central fråga som behandlas i denna uppsats. Svaret på frågan är beroende av en strävan att upprätthålla en balans mellan å ena sidan principerna om pacta sunt servanda och avtalsfrihet, och behovet av att motverka oskälighet i avtalsförhållanden å andra sidan. Ett avgörande som skapat ny gTo what extent is it reasonable to exclude one’s liability in a contractual relationship? This is a key issue addressed in this paper. The answer depends on a desire to maintain a balance between the principles of pacta sunt servanda and freedom of contract on one hand, and the need to counteract the unfairness of contractual relations on the other. A ruling that has created new breeding ground f

Syftet med studien var att analysera den kringliggande problematiken för energiproducenters beslutsfattningsprocess när de utvärderar investeringar i energieffektiviseringsåtgärder för uppvärmningssystem i vattenkraftsbaserade produktionsenheter i Sverige. Studien har utgått ifrån de dokumenterade barriärerna för investeringar i energieffektiviseringsåtgärder och applicerar konceptet om EnvironmenThe purpose of this study was to analyze the problems surrounding the decision making process for a energy producer when dealing with (potential) energy efficiency measures. This work creates the basis of a investment prioritizing structure directed at heating systems within Swedish hydro power based production facilities managed by Vattenfall. The research was called for by Vattenfall, as the org

9/11 – 2001. 3000 Americans have died as a direct result of the al-Qaida sanctioned terror attacks against the USA. The Americans were in tears, tears that soon would emerge into anger, hatred and determination – Determination to once and for all eliminate the terrorists that performed these despicable acts against their beautiful, free nation. But also, as the President proclaims, to spread the i

Abstract The parasite Gyrodactylus salaris has recently spread to several new wild salmon rivers at the Swedish west coast. A study was carried out in River Himleån, infected in 2005, to investigate if the salmon population was negatively influenced by the parasite. In October 2007 salmon parr were captured by electrofishing. The fish were anaesthetized and their length and weight were measured.

Abstract Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer in women worldwide. Inherited or acquired aberrations of genes in DNA damage repair, cell cycle checkpoint, apoptosis, and growth signaling pathways are responsible for the generation of breast cancer. Recently, increasing evidence shows that signaling pathways can be highly interconnected and are interacting with each other rat

The aim of this paper was to from a social constructivistic perspective highlight the representations of homeless people and homelessness given in Swedish daily/evening papers. The questions it aimed to answer were: how are homelessness and homeless people represented in daily/evening papers? Do the daily and evening paper’s representations correspond with what researches and the National Swedish