Education reform in the Muslim Middle East and North Africa is perceived as a result of a slow process of democratization at the crossroad of globalization, rapid economic development, socio-political changes and religious ideologies. The diverse pattern of the reforms is the reflection of the complexity across the region; affected by domestic factors and the nature and extent of the linkage to th

A general framework for the study of robust synchronisation in large-scale networks is provided. Agents are represented as a common nominal linear time-invariant (LTI) single-input-single-output (SISO) system with simple poles on the imaginary axis, subject to LTI SISO stable multiplicative perturbations. The agents exchange information in order to achieve output-synchronisation, namely steer thei

From a company perspective it is easier to develop a marketing strategy within a company than to arrange it in collaboration with others. Internal affairs can be controlled but agreements are left to the discretion of authorities. European competition policy suffers from a system failure discriminating against vertical agreements in favor of integrated organizations. Non-dominant companies should

A variety of actors are involved throughout the lifecycle of a product. The lifecycle starts at the designer’s table, continues with the use of raw materials, processing, transportation, consumption, waste management and recycling. The increasing complexity of product chains is an argument for analysing actors and policy instruments throughout the lifecycle of products. Actors in this analysis are

In this article we analyze what has been achieved by the introduction of the euro in terms of macroeconomic convergence and leveling of competitive prerequisites among the EMU member countries. In particular, has the convergence in nominal exchange rates resulted in divergence in real exchange and interest rates? And how has Finland fared relative to the EMU members? The answer is that real exchan

Torbjörn Forslid & Anders Ohlsson, "Introduction: Literary Public Spheres" Patrik Lundell, "Participation, Representation and Media System: Habermasian Paths to the Past" Emma Eldelin, "An Amateur’s Raid in a World of Specialists? The Swedish Essay in Contemporary Public Debates" Ann Steiner, "Personal Readings and Public Texts: Book Blogs and Online Writing about Literature" Karin Sarsenov

Calculations of the total energy use for buildings in a life-cycle perspective have hitherto tended to omit the phase after demolition. This paper presents a parametric study of a one-family house to determine its ‘recycling capacity’, the possible energy savings by recycling the building materials after demolition. Estimating the ‘recycling capacity’ is of importance both to give a life-cycle per