The present study characterizes immune cell populations in mice chronically infected with Salmonella. Mice were characterized as chronically infected based on persistently high titers of Salmonella-reactive immunoglobulins in the serum > 6 months after a single oral dose of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. These mice had a visibly enlarged spleen but not liver, while both organs harbored bacteria

A novel technique for coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) measurements in multiple points is presented. In a multipass cavity the pump and Stokes laser beams are multiply reflected and refocused into a measurement volume with an adjustable number of separated points along a line. This optical arrangement was used in a vibrational CARS setup with planar BOXCARS phase-matching configurati

Three efficient routes to 3-azido-3-deoxy-beta-d-galactopyranosides were developed relying on a double inversion protocol at C3. Two of the routes were demonstrated to work with both O- and S-glycosides. In all three routes, the 2-O-acetyl-3-azido-4,6-O-benzylidene-3-deoxy-beta-d-galactopyranosides were obtained by an azide inversion of the key intermediates 2-O-acetyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-3-O-triflu

Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that orchestrate leukocyte trafficking in tissues, thus, playing an important role in regulation of immunological processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer with two DNA polymorphisms of the chemokine receptors CCR5-Delta 32 and CCR2-64L The study material consisted of 50 cervi

Background. Urban birth, a risk factor for schizophrenia, is more frequent among secondgeneration immigrants. The aim of the current study was to determine whether the increased risk for schizophrenia found in second-generation immigrants is explained by the degree of urbanization of birthplace and/or factors related to parentage, such as geographic origin or history of residence abroad during upb

Substrate and product inhibition of hydrogen production during sucrose fermentation by the extremely thermophilic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus was studied. The inhibition kinetics were analyzed with a noncompetitive, nonlinear inhibition model. Hydrogen was the most severe inhibitor when allowed to accumulate in the culture. Concentrations of 5-10 mM H2 in the gas phase ( partial

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical value of human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) compared with free (f) and total (t) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the early detection of prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS: In PCa screening conducted in 1995 to 1996 in Goteborg, Sweden, 5853 of 9811 randomly selected men (aged 50 to 66 years; median 61) accepted PSA testing; those with tPSA levels of 3. 0 ng/m

Rapid evolutionary change over a few generations has been documented in natural populations. Such changes are observed as organisms invade new environments, and they are often triggered by changed interspecific interactions, such as differences in predation regimes. However, in spite of increased recognition of antagonistic male-female mating interactions, there is very limited evidence that such

A management program for FIGO stage I-II nonserous, nonclear-cell adenocarcinomas was evaluated. Histopathology and DNA ploidy were used to estimate postoperatively the risk of progression or death of disease and to tailor treatment. The patient material was a population-based consecutive cohort of all women with endometrial cancer in the Southern Swedish Health Care Region diagnosed between June

Data were collected on orthopaedic surgical interventions during the 5 years after surgery, for 35 consecutive children undergoing selective dorsal rhizotomy. At follow-up, 15 children had been operated in the lower limb. The most frequent procedures were subtalar arthrodesis, Achilles tendon lengthening and adductor tendon lengthening. Children with walking capacity were mostly operated with foot

Observational and longitudinal observational studies (LOS) provide essential information about the course and outcome of rheumatic disorders that cannot be provided by randomized controlled trials, and they constitute the major clinical scientific communication in rheumatology. There has been no consensus as to the full and appropriate content of LOS. This report defines a core set of domains and

This thesis has two aims: to expand the range of the field of human geography research; and to establish the importance of the geographical perspective for understanding the role of sustainability in human behaviour.

Desert locusts are guided by olfactory cues in different behavioural contexts. In order to understand the basis for the variable olfactory guided behaviour displayed by different developmental stages and by solitary and gregarious locusts, we investigated their central olfactory system with neuroanatomical and neurophysiological methods. The primary olfactory centre of the brain, the antennal lobe

In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) erosive joint changes are the dominating cause of chronic disability. In a cohort of patients with RA followed from early stages of the disease, we have observed a much larger prevalence of destructions in hips than in knee joints. The latter were frequently injected with triamcinolone hexacetonide in contrast to the former. In order to elucidate a possible role of loc

The current study assessed the responses from a survey titled 'Life and Health - Young People 2005', completed by 2878 15-16-year-old adolescents in mainstream schools in the county of Orebro, Sweden. Thirty-nine percent of students with hearing loss (slight, mild, or moderate) and 6% of students with normal hearing reported tinnitus often or always during the past three months. Almost no gender d