Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood and adolescence with an increasing incidence worldwide. It is an autoimmune disease with many autoimmune markers, where the zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8A) is the most recent autoantibody discovered. The most important genetic susceptibility towards type 1 diabetes is found within the HLA-region on chromosome 6. We sho

For dynamical systems defined by a covering map of a compact Hausdorff space and the corresponding transfer operator, the associated crossed product C (*)-algebras C(X)a < S (alpha,a"')a"center dot introduced by Exel and Vershik are considered. An important property for homeomorphism dynamical systems is topological freeness. It can be extended in a natural way to in general non-invertible dynamic

Background: A number of the deeper divergences in the placental mammal tree are still inconclusively resolved despite extensive phylogenomic analyses. A recent analysis of 200 kbp of protein coding sequences yielded only limited support for the relationships among Laurasiatheria (cow, dog, bat and shrew), probably because the divergences occurred only within a few million years from each other. It

Mid-Cambrian biotas of the Spence, Wheeler, Marjum, and Weeks formations in Utah are exceptionally diverse. Continued collecting has produced additional trilobites here assigned to one new genus, Meniscopsia, and 25 new species. The new species, all known from complete or nearly complete dorsal exoskeletons, are Amecephalus jamisoni, Athabaskia gladei, Bolaspidella jarrardi, Bolaspidella reesae, B

Popular Abstract in Swedish El-avfall (avfall från elektriska och elektroniska produkter) har under det senaste årtiondet blivit ett växande miljöproblem också i de mindre rika länderna (icke-OECD länder). Informell återvinning i u-länder har lett till att giftiga ämnen, som t.ex. bly och kvicksilver från tv-apparater, PVC från sladdar och bromerade flamskyddsmedel från plastkomponenter, har läcktWaste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has become a salient issue in non-OECD countries. With a growing awareness about serious damages to the environment and human health from a lack of safe treatment and recycling of WEEE, there has been a search for policy responses in several of these countries. This research finds that extended producer responsibility (EPR), a policy principle that

In addition to having constitutive defence traits, many organisms also respond to predation by phenotypic plasticity. In order for plasticity to be adaptive, induced defences should incur a benefit to the organism in, for example, decreased risk of predation. However, the production of defence traits may include costs in fitness components such as growth, time to reproduction, or fecundity. To tes

The Swedish salmonella control programme has been very successful in reducing the number of salmonella infections in both humans and animals. However, the costs for the control have increased and it has thus been questioned if the control measures could be relaxed and, if so, what effect this would have on human and animal health. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the expected effects on

Popular Abstract in Swedish Hållbar utveckling ställer krav på nya riskanalysmetoder Hållbar utveckling bygger på vår förmåga att fatta beslut i dag som avgör vår morgondag. Det låter enkelt, men är en av mänsklighetens största utmaningar då mycket i vår värld hänger samman och framtiden är full av osäkerheter. Givet att osäkerhet tillåts påverka vår syn på vad framtiden har i sitt sköte, kan dSustainable development relies on our ability to make decisions today that will determine our tomorrow. Given that uncertainty is explicitly allowed to influence our view of what the future holds for us, most ex ante analyses of challenges for sustainable development can be viewed as analysing risk. Many frameworks for analysing risk exist today, but analysing risk for sustainable development enta

We demonstrate a plasma discharge which is generated between two diverging electrodes and extended into a gliding arc in non-equilibrium condition by an air flow at atmospheric pressure. Effects of the air flow rates on the dynamics, ground-state OH distributions and spectral characterization of UV emission of the gliding arc were investigated by optical methods. High-speed photography was utilize

We introduce the notion of random self-decomposability and discuss its relation to the concepts of self-decomposability and geometric infinite divisibility. We present its connection with time series autoregressive schemes with a regression coefficient that randomly turns on and off. In particular, we provide a characterization of random self-decomposability as well as that of marginal distributio

We propose two fundamental principles of epistemological accountability with critical methodological implications for studies designed to measure, assess, and/or profile human psychosocial resilience. Firstly, researchers involved in human psychosocial resilience studies owe it to the individuals and communities that they engage to disclose their motives and possible misreadings of the situations

An experimental study of nuclear reactions between Si-28 nuclei at 200 and 300 MeV/nucleon and hydrogen or deuterium target nuclei was performed at the CELSIUS storage ring in Uppsala, Sweden, to collect information about the reactions responsible for single-event effects in microelectronics. Inclusive data on Si-28 fragmentation, as well as data on correlations between recoils and spectator proto

Charged-particle production was studied in proton-proton collisions collected at the LHC with the ALICE detector at centre-of-mass energies 0.9 TeV and 2.36 TeV in the pseudorapidity range vertical bar eta vertical bar < 1.4. In the central region (vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.5), at 0.9 TeV, we measure charged-particle pseudo-rapidity density dN(ch)/d eta = 3.02 +/- 0.01(stat.)(-0.05)(+0.08)

Background: The European spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus, and the North American mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), are severe pests of coniferous forests. Both bark beetle species utilize aggregation pheromones to coordinate mass-attacks on host trees, while odorants from host and non-host trees modulate the pheromone response. Thus, the bar

Bacillus halodurans was cultivated on wheat bran as a solid-state substrate and produced haloduracin, a bacteriocin, at about 245 AU per wheat bran. Supplementation of the bran with Lauria-Bertani broth decreased haloduracin production. However, production was stimulated by addition of Mg(2)SO(4) and K(2)HPO(4). The highest production was achieved at a wheat bran/moisture ratio of 1:1.8 and in the

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancerformen bland svenska kvinnor, fler än 7000 kvinnor insjuknar varje år. Mellan 5-10% av bröstcancerfallen tros bero på mutationer i arvsmassan som ärvts från föräldrarna. Om man har en ärftlig mutation i bröstcancergen 1 eller 2 (BRCA1 respektive BRCA2) löper man mellan 60-80% risk att drabbas av bröstcancer. Eftersom inte alla kvinnorBreast cancer is the most common cancer among Swedish women, affecting more than 7000 women each year. About 5-10% of all breast cancers are hereditary, with a monogenic inheritance pattern, but only 2-4% are explained by germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2. BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers have a 60-80% risk of developing breast cancer. Further, a large proportion of the breast cancers that are clu

With this paper we present an analysis of sixty transnational governance initiatives and assess the implications for our understanding of the roles of public and private actors, the legitimacy of governance 'beyond' the state, and the North-South dimensions of governing climate change. In the first part of the paper we examine the notion of transnational governance and its applicability in the cli