A 50-MS/s two-step flash-ΔΣ time-to-digital converter (TDC) using a 2-channel time-interleaved time-domain register with an implicit adder/subtractor demonstrates a 3rd order noise-shaping. The TDC is fabricated in 40-nm CMOS and consumes 1.2 mA from a 1.1 V supply. At frequencies below 1.25 MHz, the TDC error integrates to 103 fsrms, which is equal to an equivalent resolution of 1.6 ps.

Increased energy efficiency at the point of end-use is a key strategy for addressing a range of energy related problems, including greenhouse gas emissions. There are energy efficiency alternatives that can be implemented at low cost,and perhaps with some cost savings – these activities offer no-regrets opportunities for climate change mitigation. In addition, high levels of end-use energy efficie

Abstract is not available

Popular Abstract in Swedish Isocyanater är en grupp kemiska ämnen som framförallt används vid tillverkning av polyuretan (PUR). PUR förekommer i många olika varianter och är ett av de vanligaste plastmaterialen i våra hem. PUR finns som ”skumgummi” i madrasser, möbler och i bilar, men även i en mängd andra produkter som t.ex. färg, lack och lim. Det finns en risk för isocyanatexponering vid framsIsocyanates are used in the production of polyurethane (PUR). Exposure to isocyanates is associated with respiratory disorders and may occur during production or processing of PUR. During thermal degradation of PUR, amines and aminoisocyanates are formed in addition to isocyanates. Some isocyanates and several aromatic amines are sensitizers and listed as carcinogens. A liquid chromatography mass

Popular Abstract in Swedish Mätning av blodflöde är en vanlig uppgift för ett kliniskt fysiologiskt laboratorium. Sådana undersökningar syftar inte bara till att diagnostisera sjukdomstillstånd utan kan också användas för att följa effekter av kirurgiska och medicinska behandlingar. En del metoder används rutinmässigt t ex ultraljudstekniken. Metoderna utvecklas dock ständigt och helt nya metoder Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and laser Doppler imaging (LDI) are modern methods for non-invasive and continuous assessment of skin blood flow. The techniques are based on the phenomenon that monochromatic light transilluminating a perfused tissue is spectrally broadened owing to scattering by moving blood cells. In this study, methodological aspects of the two methods are presented. LDF was used

External cavity diode lasers are often tuned by letting a piezoelectric actuator move the grating, thereby changing the length of the cavity. In order to reach higher repeatability and tuning speeds one can incorporate an electro-optical crystal (EOC) into the cavity. The index of refraction of the EOC can be changed by applying an electric field across it, thereby accurately changing the effectiv

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