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Sustainable and efficient management of a distribution system requires coordination between transportation planning and inventory control decisions. In this context, we consider a one warehouse multi-retailer inventory system with a time-based shipment consolidation policy at the warehouse. This means that there are fixed costs associated with each shipment, and retailer orders are consolidated an

Laser-induced fluorescence is an important technique to study photosynthesis and plants. Information on chlorophyll and other pigments can be obtained. We have been using a mobile laboratory in a Chinese experimental farm setting to study maize (Zea mays L.) leaves by reflectance and fluorescence measurements and correlated the spectroscopic signals to the amount of fertilizer supplied. Further, w

Historically, egg-bound reptile embryos were thought to passively thermoconform to the nest environment. However, recent observations of thermal taxis by embryos of multiple reptile species have led to the widely discussed hypothesis that embryos behaviorally thermoregulate. Because temperature affects development, such thermoregulation could allow embryos to control their fate far more than histo

Absorption of sunlight is the first step in photosynthesis, which provides energy for the vast majority of organisms on Earth. The primary processes of photosynthesis have been studied extensively in isolated light-harvesting complexes and reaction centres, however, to understand fully the way in which organisms capture light it is crucial to also reveal the functional relationships between the in

CO oxidation over Pd(100) and Pd75Ag25(100) has been investigated by a combination of near-ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, quadrupole mass spectrometry, density functional theory calculations, and microkinetic modeling. For both surfaces, hysteresis is observed in the CO2 formation during the heating and cooling cycles. Whereas normal hysteresis with light-off temperature higher

In this paper we analyze the double vector meson production in photon–hadron (γh) interactions at pp / pA / AA collisions and present predictions for the ρρ, J/ Ψ J/ Ψ , and ρJ/ Ψ production considering the double scattering mechanism. We estimate the total cross sections and rapidity distributions at LHC energies and compare our results with the predictions for the double vector meson production

The behaviour of sedimenting particles depends on the dust-to-gas ratio of the fluid. Linear stability analysis shows that solids settling in the Epstein drag regime would remain homogeneously distributed in non-rotating incompressible fluids, even when dust-to-gas ratios reach unity. However, the nonlinear evolution has not been probed before. Here, we present numerical calculations indicating th

One of the approaches to modify the McEliece cryptosystem to overcome its large key size is replacing binary Goppa codes with a new structured code. However, this modification makes such cryptosystems encounter some new attacks. There are a few modified McEliece cryptosystem variants which are known to be secure. One of them is the cryptosystem introduced by Baldi et al. which uses quasi-cyclic lo

Wings are a key trait underlying the evolutionary success of birds, bats, and insects. For over a century, researchers have studied the form and function of wings to understand the determinants of flight performance. However, to understand the evolution of flight, we must comprehend not only how morphology affects performance, but also how morphology and performance affect fitness. Natural and sex

Objective: To estimate and compare the lifetime risk of total knee replacement surgery (TKR) for osteoarthritis (OA) between countries, and over time. Method: Data on primary TKR procedures performed for OA in 2003 and 2013 were extracted from national arthroplasty registries in Australia, Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Life tables and population data were also obtained for each country. Lif

Aims: To compare long-term changes in healthcare utilization and costs for type 2 diabetes patients before and after insulin initiation, as well as healthcare costs after insulin versus non-insulin anti-diabetic (NIAD) initiation. Methods: Patients newly initiated on insulin (n. =2823) were identified in primary health care records from 84 Swedish primary care centers, between 1999 to 2009. First,

Proximity and power in collaborative innovation projects. Regional Studies. The proximity literature has so far paid little attention to power relations in collaborative innovation projects. This paper draws on contributions from international business to examine if power constellations between collaborators in innovation projects influence the effects of proximity. An analysis of two cases of col

“Collaboration” is generally portrayed as being beneficial to intelligence and operational police work, even if previous collaborative research shows that conflicts are common between authorities who are supposed to cooperate. The present study focuses on how officers collaborate in their day-to-day management of borderguarding, taking into consideration the different social and cultural backgroun“Collaboration” is generally portrayed as being beneficial to intelligence and operational police work, even if previous collaborative research shows that conflicts are common between authorities who are supposed to cooperate. The present study focuses on how officers collaborate in their day-to-day management of border guarding, taking into consideration the different social and cultural backgrou