Large eddy simulations of a three-dimensional turbulent thermal plume in an open environment have been carried out using a self-developed parallel computational fluid dynamics code SMAFS (smoke movement and flame spread) to study the thermal plume's dynamics including its puffing, self-preserving and air entrainment. In the simulation, the sub-grid stress was modeled using both the standard Smagor

For Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV, we measure neutral pion production with good statistics for transverse momentum, p(T), up to 20 GeV/c. A fivefold suppression is found, which is essentially constant for 5 < p(T) < 20 GeV/c. Experimental uncertainties are small enough to constrain any model-dependent parametrization for the transport coefficient of the medium, e. g., in the parton quenching mode

Spectral-line displacements away from the wavelengths naively expected from the Doppler shift caused by stellar radial motion may originate as convective shifts (correlated velocity and brightness patterns in the photosphere), as gravitational redshifts, or perhaps be induced by wave motions. Absolute lineshifts, in the past studied only for the Sun, are now accessible also for other stars thanks

Objective: To investigate whether the outcome of a pregnancy is related to the time required to achieve that pregnancy (TTP). Design: The distribution of the TTP for pregnancies ending in multiple birth, early (before week 12) and late (weeks 12-28) miscarriage, stillbirth, and extrauterine pregnancy was compared to that of pregnancies ending in singleton birth. Furthermore, the distribution of th

This study compares the CH4 fluxes from two arctic wetland sites of different annual temperatures during 2004 to 2006. The PEATLAND-VU model was used to simulate the emissions. The CH4 module of PEATLAND-VU is based on the Walter-Heimann model. The first site is located in northeast Siberia, Indigirka lowlands, Kytalyk reserve (70 degrees N, 147 degrees E) in a continuous permafrost region with me

RILEM Technical Committee 50—Fracture Mechanics of Concrete, has put forward a proposal for a recommendation for the determination of the fracture energy GF of mortar and concrete. In connection with the above three comparative test series were arranged in order to collect information and experience regarding the proposed method. 14 laboratories from 9 countries were involved and about 700 beams w

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among postmenopausal women living in the Lund area of Southern Sweden and to analyze treatment effects in different types or routes of HRT administration, as well as to compare with unopposed estrogen therapy. METHOD: in an ongoing, large population-based, prospective cohort study, t

Large inversion densities in Zn+ have been produced by photoionizing inner #x2010;shell d electrons with the broadband soft #x2010;x #x2010;ray flux from a 1.06 #x2010; #x3bc;m laser #x2010;produced plasma. This pumping scheme is an effective technique for rapidly producing large population densities (5 #xd7;1013 cm-3) in the 3d9 #x2009;4s2 #x2009;2D5/2 upper laser level. These large densities (a)

The current event-related fMRI study examined the relative involvement of different parts of the medial temporal lobe (MTL), particularly the contribution of hippocampus and perirhinal cortex, in either intentional or incidental recognition of famous faces in contrast to unfamiliar faces. Our intention was to further explore the controversial contribution of MTL in the processing of semantic memor

BACKGROUND: Azathioprine (AZA) is used during pregnancy by h omen with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), other autoimmune disorders, malignancy, and organ transplantation. Previous studies have demonstrated potential risks. METHODS: The Swedish Medical Birth Register was used to identify 476 women who reported the use of AZA in early pregnancy. The effect of AZA exposure on pregnancy outcomes was

Aim. To 'own' a person is considered an infringement of human rights, but we suggest that concepts of ownership influence interactions between parents and staff when a child is admitted to hospital. This paper aims to stimulate debate and contains an explanation of the exploration of the literature for research and discussion of ownership of the child. Method. A wide variety of library indexes, da

Ten strains of an asexual arthroconidial yeast species were isolated from Bryndza, a traditional Slovak artisanal sheep cheese, which was manufactured from raw milk during a 4-month summer production period at two Slovakian sites (the northern Ruzomberok and the central-southern Tisovec areas). Sequence comparison of the D1/D2 domains of the large-subunit rRNA gene revealed that this yeast represe

Purpose: The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotype in a large family with autosomal-dominant recurrent corneal erosions, and also to exclude genetic linkage to known autosomal-dominant inherited corneal dystrophies with clinical resemblance. Methods: We describe the medical history and clinical findings in patients from a six-generation family with recurrent corneal erosions. A total

Abstract is not available. This is the final, accepted and revised manuscript of the article.

Introduction Androgens have been hypothesised to influence risk of breast cancer through several possible mechanisms, including their conversion to estradiol or their binding to the oestrogen receptor and/ or androgen receptor ( AR) in the breast. Here, we report on the results of a large and comprehensive study of the association between genetic variation in the AR gene and risk of breast cancer

Global extinction of a species is sadly irreversible. At a local scale, however, extinctions may be followed by re-invasion. We here show that this is not necessarily the case and that an ecological community may close its doors for re-invasion of species lost from it. Previous studies of how communities are assembled have shown that there may be rules for that process and that limitations are set

This paper treats controller design and tuning for systems with two input signals and two output signals in the process industry. Two design methods that can be combined to form a core in an algorithm for automatic design and tuning for the considered systems are presented. The proposed controller consists of a decoupler and a diagonal PID controller. The decoupler has the property that as little

Sanfilippo syndrome type B (mucopolysaccharidosis III B) is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by deficiency of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase, one of the enzymes required for the lysosomal degradation of heparan sulfate. The gene for this enzyme, NAGLU, recently was isolated, and several mutations were characterized. We have identified, in amplified exons from nine fibroblast cell lines der