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Closed-form conditions for bound states in the continuum are derived for planar, cylindrical, and spherical cavities enclosed by metasurfaces with electric and magnetic response. While the combined response in lossless systems enables field confinement in arbitrarily small cavities, the gain-enabled bound states in the continuum are found to coalesce with a laser mode, leading to intriguing single
Cancer cells exhibit phenotypical plasticity and epigenetic reprogramming that allows them to evade lineage-dependent targeted treatments by adopting lineage plasticity. The underlying mechanisms by which cancer cells exploit the epigenetic regulatory machinery to acquire lineage plasticity and therapy resistance remain poorly understood. We identified zinc finger protein 397 (ZNF397) as a bona fi
When children display disruptive behaviour problems at school or at home, their re-lationships with others are affected. Taking a systems perspective into account, where all parts of a system mutually in uence each other, and considering the reciprocal nature of interactions which imply that children are in uenced by and in uence their close surroundings, the present study seeks to examine differeWhen children display disruptive behaviour problems at school or at home, their relationships with others are affected. Taking a systems perspective into account, where all parts of a system mutually influence each other, and considering the reciprocal nature of interactions which imply that children are influenced by and influence their close surroundings, the present study seeks to examine diffe
Cambodia’s opening of Techo International Airport and the consolidation of the Bakong digital payment system signal a shift towards a more state-led and financially sophisticated development model. These initiatives reflect the Cambodian state’s expanding role in planning, financing and governing large-scale infrastructure and digital systems, deepening direct participation in development. While d
With the rapid growth of Internet media, content tagging has become an important topic with many multimedia understanding applications, including efficient organisation and search. Nevertheless, existing visual tagging approaches are susceptible to inherent privacy risks in which private information may be exposed unintentionally. The use of anonymisation and privacy-protection methods is desirabl
Large language models (LLMs) and their applications in low-resource languages (such as in Vietnamese) are limited due to lack of training data and benchmarking datasets. This paper introduces a practical real-world implementation of a question answering system for Vietnamese, called ViGPTQA, leveraging the power of LLM. Since there is no effective LLM in Vietnamese to date, we also propose, evalua
This paper firstly proposes a simple yet efficient generalized approach to apply differential privacy to text representation (i.e., word embedding). Based on it, we propose a user-level approach to learn personalized differentially private word embedding model on user generated contents (UGC). To our best knowledge, this is the first work of learning user-level differentially private word embeddin
Given the increasing number of heterogeneous data stored in relational databases, file systems or cloud environment, it needs to be easily accessed and semantically connected for further data analytic. The potential of data federation is largely untapped, this paper presents an interactive data federation system (https://vimeo.com/319473546) by applying large-scale techniques including heterogeneo
To protect user privacy in data analysis, a state-of-the-art strategy is differential privacy in which scientific noise is injected into the real analysis output. The noise masks individual’s sensitive information contained in the dataset. However, determining the amount of noise is a key challenge, since too much noise will destroy data utility while too little noise will increase privacy risk. T
Pretrained language models are integral part of AI applications, but their high computational cost for training limits accessibility. Initiatives such as Bloom and StarCoder aim to democratize access to pretrained models for collaborative community development. Despite these efforts, such models encounter challenges such as limited multilingual capabilities, risks of catastrophic forgetting during
Automatic voice pathology detection is promising for non-invasive screening and early intervention using sound signals. Nevertheless, existing methods are susceptible to covariate shifts due to background noises, human voice variations, and data selection biases leading to severe performance degradation in real-world scenarios. Hence, we propose a non-invasive framework that contrastively learns p
Introduction: Postnatal pesticide exposure and its impact on executive functioning (EF) in children and adolescents remains underexplored, particularly in African agricultural contexts. This study investigated associations between urinary pesticide biomarkers and EF in the Child health Agricultural Pesticide study in South Africa (CapSA). Methods: Data from 445 participants (mean age: 10.6 years;
Background: Air pollution is a known risk factor for chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, evidence regarding the role of black carbon (BC) remains mixed and sparse. This study aimed to examine the association of long-term exposure to air pollution, focusing on BC, with incident asthma and COPD in adults. Method: We followed 28,73
Importance: Traditional adoption studies examine disorder-to-disorder parent-offspring transmission. The role of parental genetic risk in offspring disorder transmission can capture indirect genetic effects from parental genotype to parental phenotype to offspring risk. Objective: To assess the relative importance of genetic and rearing effects from paternal family genetic risk scores (FGRSs) in 3
This paper presents archeological data and chronometric dates documenting human presence in Serbia, central Balkans, during MIS 2. We describe findings from excavations at three cave sites and dating results from two additional localities. The evidence suggests that people were present in the area during the second half of the glacial peak between 25 and 19ka calBp. The chronological placement of
BACKGROUND: Long-term prospective data on antibody and T-cell responses beyond the third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine dose, particularly in relation to prior SARS-CoV-2 infections and breakthrough infections, remain limited.METHODS: Health care workers (HCWs) vaccinated with BNT162b2 were enrolled in January 2021. Blood samples were collected before and one month after each of four vaccine doses through
Timely diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D), especially in high-risk populations, is crucial for preventing serious health complications. T1D is a chronic progressive autoimmune disease that has presymptomatic stages that can be identified through the detection of islet autoantibodies. Given that T1D is associated with other autoimmune diseases, having either those diseases or a family history of th
