This chapter discusses the relationship between the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) and human rights treaties. It identifies alternative approaches in the issue and discusses their relative strengths and weaknesses. The positivist approach, the dogmatic approach, and the fragmentation approach to the relationship between the VCLT and human rights treaties were rejected. Instead, th

This thesis examines the legal conformity of Special Tax Zones (STZs) with the principle of non-discrimination under European Union (EU) law, especially when these zones are exempt from State aid rules. STZs are most of the time geographic tax regimes that provide advantages to companies according to their location or their needs in the context of regional development difficulties. Although freque

This thesis conducts a comparative legal analysis of the European Union’s Digital Markets Act (DMA) and China’s Anti-Monopoly Law (AML), examining their divergent regulatory approaches to governing digital platforms, with Apple’s App Store as a case study. The study investigates how the DMA’s ex ante structural remedies and the AML’s ex post behavioural enforcement shape platform behaviour, compli

The present thesis aims to assess the efficacy of the GDPR in managing personal data breaches in healthcare. To fulfil its purpose, we have analysed the legal basis for processing sensitive personal health data and we have set the following research question: To what extent does the GDPR prevent personal health data breaches as well as mitigate their impact on data subjects? In order to conduct

Recent research in organo-metallic cages composites (MOCs); discrete, self-assembled coordination compounds; has highlighted their significant potential in host-guest chemistry and catalysis. New studies focus on synthesizing multifunctional MOCs by combining more than one ligand. However, due to the unpredictable nature of coordination-driven self-assembly, intricate strategies were imperative to

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health concern, driven by the overuse of antibiotics and a lack of new drug development. To address this challenge, alternative antibacterial targets involved in essential bacterial functions are being explored. In this study, three compounds were synthesized using N-acetylglucosamine as the starting material. One of these compounds serves as a ke

The mosquito Aedes aegypti is a known vector for many diseases, which leads to the use of harmful insecticides. Painless is a membrane protein that plays a role in sensing noxious heat mechanical stimuli, and by determining its structure, it could potentially be a target repellents as an alternative to insecticides. By expressing Painless an additional eGFP HisTag in yeast cells, the protein can

Introduction: Conventional packaging extends cucumber’s shelf life while reducing food waste, however concerns regarding micro(nano) plastics (MNPs) contamination remain. At the same time, edible food coatings are increasingly gaining attention as a promising more sustainable alternative. Background: Despite the preservation advantages of low-density polyethylene (LDPE)packaging, its breakdown

Achieving pure protein with high enzymatic activity for research and practical teaching purposes is essential. In this study the protein BoGal36A was purified using cells or lysate obtained from three different expression methods. The expression was performed using bioreactor, shaking flasks and a prepared lysate of cells grown in shaking flasks at Lund protein Production Platform (LP3; (kindly pr

This research explores the lived experiences of a group of Chinese diasporas in Stockholm, Sweden, who migrated through unanticipated opportunities rather than long-term planning. In contrast to dominant Chinese cultural values prioritizing stability, careful life planning, and risk aversion, these individuals made bold, transformative decisions to embrace uncertain immigration journeys without pr

This is an ethnographic study of a Swedish Fountain House and the members and counselors who curate the culture and community within the specific field of this Fountain House (F.H). To provide an analysis of individuals who have dealt with or are dealing with mental health and illness coming together within a rehabilitation organization, a focus on subjectivity and intersubjectivity is expound

Beyond Westphalia Human rights are often framed within a territorial perspective. The phrase can easily conjure up images of citizens struggling for their rights with their own governments rather than with distant foreign governments. The idea of human rights gained prominence in the wake of the establishment of a Westphalian world order of 1648, with territorially distinct States exercising sover

Based on the perspective of frontline staff who work closely with adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) in group homes in Sweden, this article explores ethical dilemmas that arise when daily tasks intersect with efforts to achieve the disability policy goal of self-determination and the nature of close work relationships. Using the successive focus group interview method, the study highlights

In this chapter we propose a novel ethical approach to city branding based on a relational understanding of vulnerability. We rethink the prevailing ethics of competition and competitiveness in the field by demonstrating its limitations for contributing positively to urban sustainable development. An ethics of vulnerability approach is outlined based on principles of performativity, interdependenc

Uppsatsen syftar till att granska fri- och rättighetskommitténs syfte och ända mål med lagförslaget i betänkandet SOU 2025 Några frågor om grundläg gande fri- och rättigheter, samt vilka konsekvenser som det eventuellt kan medföra. Lagförslaget innebär en grundlagsändring av 2 kap. 7 § Regerings formen som stadgar en absolut rätt att som svensk medborgare inte landsför visas samt att inte fråntasThe purpose of this thesis is to examine the objectives and aims of the Com mittee in its legislative proposal presented in the Report SOU 2025:2 Some Issues Concerning Fundamental Rights and Freedoms, as well as the potential consequences that may accure from the proposal. The proposal entails a con stitutional amendment to Chapter 2, Paragraph 7 of the Instrument of Gov ernment, which establis

Den 14 juli 2023 inledde EU-kommissionen ett överträdelseärende mot Sverige och framhöll att de svenska reglerna för preliminärbeskattning strider mot friheten att tillhandahålla tjänster. De omtvistade reglerna trädde i kraft 2021 och innebar att ett tidigare undantag från skyldigheten att göra skatteavdrag för ersättningar till utländska tjänsteleverantörer utan ett fast driftställe i Sverige slOn 14 July 2023, the European Commission initiated infringement proceedings against Sweden, arguing that the Swedish rules on preliminary taxation are incompatible with the freedom to provide services. The disputed rules, which entered into force in 2021, abolished a previous exemption from the obligation to withhold tax on payments to foreign service providers without a permanent establishment in

I Sverige kan en person vara obegränsat eller begränsat skattskyldig. Skatt-skyldigheten regleras i Inkomstskattelag (1999:1229) och avgör vilka in-komster som ska beskattas i Sverige. Av 3 kap. 8 § IL följer att en person som är obegränsat skattskyldig i Sverige ska betala skatt här för alla sina inkomster, oavsett om dessa härrör från Sverige eller utlandet. En person som är begränsat skattskyldIn Sweden, an individual may be subject to either unlimited or limited tax liability. Tax liability is governed by the Income Tax Act (1999:1229), which determines which types of income are taxable in Sweden. According to Chapter 3, Section 8 of the Income Tax Act, a person with unlimited tax liability in Sweden is liable to pay tax on all income, regardless of whether it originates in Sweden or a

År 2022 genomfördes en omfattande reform av den svenska arbetsrätten, med fokus på bland annat att modernisera lag (1982:80) om anställningsskydd (LAS). Reformen utgick från januariavtalet 2019 där regeringen åtog sig att lägga fram lagstiftningsförslag som stämde överens med en eventuell partsöverenskommelse framtagen av arbetsmarknadens parter vilket resulterade i ett nytt Huvudavtal som blev grIn 2022, a major reform of Swedish labour law was implemented, with one of its key objectives being the modernisation of the Employment Protection Act (LAS). The reform originated from the 2019 January Agreement and granted certain labour market organisations an active and norm-setting role in the drafting of legislative proposals. The government committed to presenting legislative initiatives in