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In this paper we study how transforming regular reinforcement learning environments into goal-conditioned environments can let agents learn to solve tasks autonomously and reward-free. We show that an agent can learn to solve tasks by selecting its own goals in an environment-agnostic way, at training times comparable to externally guided reinforcement learning. Our method is independent of the un

BackgroundMolecular subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) with varying prognosis and characteristics have been proposed based on one or two-dimensional studies but are not yet implemented into clinical routine. Epigenetic modifications in cancer cells are independent of sequence variants, directly linked to gene and genome regulation, and thus provide important information to guide subclassificat

Background: Myocardium at risk (MaR) can be evaluated by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging using contrast-enhanced steady state free precession (CE-SSFP) in patients after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, CE-SSFP utilizes gadolinium contrast, which is contraindicated in patients with severe renal insufficiency. Native T1-mapping is a non-contrast CMR method which

Aim: Assess healthcare utilization and direct costs for heart failure (HF) during the first two years post-diagnosis across HF subgroups. Methods: This retrospective population-based study included patients with HF aged 40–90 years in Region Halland. HF subgroups were defined based on echocardiographic ejection fraction, including HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), mildly reduced ejection

Purpose: To avoid over-treatment of prostate cancer patients following screening for elevated prostate-specific antigen levels, keeping patients on active surveillance has been suggested as an alternative to radical treatment. This means recurring visits for patients with low-grade cancer to monitor progression. Our aim was to develop an artificial intelligence-based model that can identify high-r

In the current era, the meat supply chain plays a vital role in the food industry. The meat supply chain is experiencing significant challenges due to the increase in demand and Circular Economy (CE) challenges. In the meat supply chain, a huge waste is generated during the meat processing, and it is much needed to manage waste effectively, considering the large quantities of by-products, packagin

Cellulosa är den vanligaste biopolymeren på jorden och en viktig reservoar av organiskt kol i terrestra ekosystem. I skogar kommer mycket av denna cellulosa från trä och bryts ner av saprotrofa basidiomyceter. Dessa svampar klassificeras traditionellt som vitröta eller brunröta baserat på deras sönderfallsmekanismer i lignocellulosasubstrat. Huruvida dessa funktionella kategorier förblir distinktaCellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth and a major reservoir of organic carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. In forests, much of this cellulose originates from wood and is decomposed by saprotrophic basidiomycetes. These fungi are traditionally classified as white rot or brown rot species based on their decay mechanisms in lignocellulosic substrates. Whether these functional categories re

Purpose: Host factors, including genetic factors, are underutilized in breast cancer treatment selection. This study aimed to investigate AIB1 genotypes as pharmacogenetic markers for adjuvant breast cancer treatment. The prognostic impact of three functional polymorphisms associated with altered mRNA expression rs6094752 (low expression), rs2230782 (low expression) and rs2076546 (high expression)

This study investigated the retention of spatial knowledge in buildings following route-learning training in a virtual reality environment. A total of 121 participants were tested up to three months later on putting waypoints of the route in the correct order and recalling directions at waypoints. Memory accuracy declined over time, consistentwith classic memory theory. Route knowledge was retaine

Aim: Predicting the time-activity curve (TAC) of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE for organs at risk and neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) is an essential element in the calculation of the absorbed dose (AD) and a critical step for individualising peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) treatment planning. This study aims to predict the TAC of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE using a single quantitative image of [68Ga]Ga-

Background: Co-occurring substance use disorders, and mental disorders are associated with significant suffering, high risks of violent reoffending and relapse in both substance use and psychotic episodes. Treatment for co-occurring substance use disorders in forensic mental health settings would benefit from incorporating patients’ understanding of their disorders. Method: Using an interpretative

Background: Our aim was to investigate change over time of passive range of motion (pROM) in the upper limbs of children with cerebral palsy (CP), treated or not treated with botulinum neurotoxin-A (BoNT-A). Methods: Data from 2000 to 2017 were collected from the Cerebral Palsy follow-up program and registry in Sweden (CPUP) for children with spastic or dyskinetic CP. Mixed models were used to ana

Terrestrial ecosystems regulate climate by absorbing about one-third of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Monitoring carbon, water, and energy fluxes is essential for understanding ecosystem responses to climate change. However, existing flux datasets lack sufficient spatial resolution and consistency needed for fragmented landscapes like UK agricultural areas. This study presents the Unified FLUXes (U

Respect and integrity are fundamental to effective psychiatric care, yet patient experiences of poor treatment remain a significant concern. This study explores patient perspectives on mistreatment within Swedish adult psychiatry through focus group interviews with representatives of patient and family organizations. Participants described systemic and interpersonal challenges that contribute to i

Introduction: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, congenital condition in which impaired ciliary function leads to bronchiectasis and progressive lung function decline. Bronchiectasis development is believed to involve infection and inflammation but is incompletely understood. Macrophages play a central role in cellular immune response, contributing to both pathogen clearance and immunoreg

Purpose: Humoral immunity proteins—immunoglobulins, complement proteins, and antimicrobial peptides—have key antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions in sepsis. We hypothesised that their circulating levels are lower in non-survivors, potentially resulting in impaired bacterial clearance and persistent or recurrent infections. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluat

Chemical pollution is identified as a significant driver of biodiversity loss, raising concerns about the effectiveness of current environmental risk assessment (ERA) practices. Conventional ERA approaches primarily rely on the endpoints of mortality, growth, and reproduction, often failing to capture the full scope of potential effects that chemicals can have on organisms. This is potentially pro

Thin-film thermocouples (TFTCs) are critical for real-time temperature monitoring in advanced manufacturing processes where conventional sensors fail due to spatial constraints or complex geometries. This study develops K-type TFTCs on stainless steel 316 L substrates with optimized SiO₂/SiO insulation layers for industrial deployment. In particular, two types of stainless steel substrates were in

There is a long tradition in using genetically based color polymorphisms in natural populations to study evolutionary processes. Despite growing evidence for continuous phenotypic variation within discrete morphs, we still know little about how this shapes selective dynamics. Here, using 43 years of plumage color data from a Finnish tawny owl population (Strix aluco), we show that gray and brown m

Introduction: To address communication barriers, minimise social isolation, prevent psychosocial illness and increase the independence of Deaf older adults, a mobile care team consisting of Deaf assistant nurses using sign language was initiated and developed by a nongovernmental organisation in a region in southern Sweden. Aim: To describe Deaf older adults’ experiences receiving support from an