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Background: Sex differences in the diagnostic yield of invasive coronary angiography (ICA) in non–ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) are well established, but contemporary population-level data incorporating high-sensitivity troponin era cohorts and cross-national validation remain limited. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess sex differences in diagnostic yield, rev
This chapter examines what is considered a fact in individual communications processed by the Human Rights Committee (HRC), recognized as the UN’s most authoritative human rights monitoring body. Despite its significance, little is known about the HRC’s handling of individual complaints against states that have signed the optional protocol. Through the case studies of Sanila-Aikio v. Finland (2018
Context: AI assistants, like GitHub Copilot and Cursor, are transforming software engineering. While several studies highlight productivity improvements, their impact on maintainability requires further investigation. Objective: This study investigates whether co-development with AI assistants affects software maintainability, specifically how easily other developers can evolve the resulting sourc
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), including isoprene, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes, are emitted in large quantities and play a critical role in atmospheric chemistry. They contribute to the formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOM), which are essential for new particle formation (NPF) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. However, current models often oversimpl
The consideration of local knowledge in assessments and governance of biodiversity and ecosystems is a vital challenge for a just and sustainable future. This requires in-depth consideration of the intricate ways people know, engage with and are affected by natural environments. However, the concept of local knowledge is fluid, and several interpretations are in use, which can complicate construct
The outermost skin layer, the stratum corneum (SC), forms a responsive barrier where molecular transport depends on the structure and dynamics of its extracellular lipid matrix. SC lipids predominantly adopt a long-periodicity lamellar (LPP) phase across a wide hydration range, but how this structural resilience relates to the strong hydration dependence of skin permeability remains unclear. It is
The Civic Argument Literacy Test (CALT) is a new instrument for measuring how individuals recognise, interpret, and evaluate arguments in civic discourse. This research essay sets out the conceptual and theoretical foundations of the CALT and, as its central contribution, the design principles underlying its ten diagnostic parts. After defining argument literacy as a civic competence and locating
Shared electric scooters (e-scooters) are widely promoted as a low-carbon urban transport solution. However, their environmental impact depends on lifespan, operations, and modal shift. This study evaluates life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of shared e-scooters operating in Dubai, UAE. A cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment is conducted, considering manufacturing, transportation, use phase elec
Endotherms exhibit metabolic allometric slopes of 0.75, which were long viewed as evolutionary constraints but which are increasingly questioned. In insects, allometric relationships between body size and metabolism are understudied. We used comparative phylogenetic methods to investigate macroevolution of metabolic allometry in Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies), an insect group with a unique
Introduction: Endometriosis has been associated with several risk factors for cancer, and population-based research has shown that women with endometriosis have a higher risk of several types of cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the risks of gynecological and breast cancers among women diagnosed with endometriosis or adenomyosis. Material and Methods: A nationwide cohort study was condu
There is limited evidence of wide-reaching impact of educational development projects, and although initiatives often emphasise dissemination to increase their reach, previous work has indicated that the impact is often restricted to the immediate context. This article presents the case of a Norwegian Centre for Excellence in Education and explores to what extent the educators in the broader commu
Background: Glioblastoma carries a dismal prognosis, with only a small proportion of patients surviving beyond five or ten years. Although the introduction of new oncological therapies has improved median overall survival among treated patients, their impact on long-term survival in population-based cohorts remains unclear. The primary aim of this study was to analyze temporal trends in long-term
Background: Chestwall perforator flaps have been used in breast conservation after wide local excision for more than a decade. Although the technique is promising, it still needs to be standardized. For example, no published studies have numerically proven that the operated breast retains its features after operation and radiation. This study compared preoperative- and 1-year postoperative measure
As deep learning methods become more frequent in medical imaging, model explainability becomes essential in order to ensure trust. Gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) is a widely used technique for visualizing which regions of an input contribute to a network’s decision. In this work, we introduce a novel Grad-CAM–based loss function that leverages prior knowledge of target regio
We analyze a system of dipolar atoms confined in geometries of quasi low dimensionality. Due to the long-range and anisotropic nature of dipolar interactions, the system supports both stable solitons and quantum droplets. In quasi-one-dimensional geometries, the transition between these states is known to manifest either as a first-order phase transition, associated with bistability, or as a smoot
Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer, and accurate histopathologic risk stratification is essential for treatment selection. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) demonstrate promise in image analysis, yet few studies have evaluated classification of BCC subtypes. Objective: To assess the diagnostic performance of a CNN for binary classification of high-versus low-r
Dead material zones – stationary regions of adhered material at the tool–workpiece interface – are a recurring feature in large-strain deformation processes such as metal cutting and indentation. Despite their practical significance, the mechanisms governing their initiation and evolution remain poorly understood, largely due to the difficulty of resolving local deformation events in real time. In
