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Base excision repair is the dominant DNA repair pathway of chemical modifications such as deamination, oxidation, or alkylation of DNA bases, which endanger genome integrity due to their high mutagenic potential. Detection and excision of these base lesions is achieved by DNA glycosylases. To investigate the remarkably high efficiency in target site search and recognition by these enzymes, we appl
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is the major route of Ca2+ influx in platelets. The Ca2+ sensor stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) triggers SOCE by forming punctate structures with the Ca2+ channel Orai1 and the inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), thereby linking the endo-/sarcoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. Here, we identified the BAR domain superfamily member bridging integra
Fluorescence microscopy allows specific and selective imaging of biological samples. Unfortunately, unspecific background due to auto-fluorescence, scattering, and non-ideal labeling efficiency often adversely affect imaging. Surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE) is known to selectively mediate fluorescence that spatially originates from regions close to the metal interface. However, SPCE combin
The G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily mediates cellular responses and communication across cellular membranes and is the largest known class of molecular targets with proven therapeutic value. For probing conformational changes of GPCRs and others in a live cell setting, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is usually the method of choice. FRET probes often require careful lab
This study investigates the ignitability of hydrogen in an optical heavy-duty SI engine. While the ignition energy of hydrogen is exceptionally low, the high load and lean mixtures used in heavy-duty hydrogen engines lead to a high gas density, resulting in a much higher breakdown voltage than in light-duty SI engines. Spark plug wear is a concern, so there is a need to minimise the spark energy w
In 2025, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) at the National Institutes of Health celebrates 75 years of leadership in diabetes research. The NIDDK serves people of the U.S. affected by or at risk for many chronic diseases, including diabetes and other endocrine, metabolic, and digestive disorders, by funding innovative research to develop better treatment
Recent years witnessed mass migration towards Europe, from Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine and the 2015 Migrant Crisis linked to war in Syria. This article explores UK government discussion around these two significant crises, focussing on the challenges they present and the portrayal of refugees. It asks how far ministers' language differentiated between Ukrainians and Syrians regarding welfare
This paper proposes an alternative semi-analytical Fourier modal method adapted for general periodic anisotropic gratings made of dielectrics with moderate to low index profiles corresponding to materials ranging from conventional dielectric 3D printing materials to ceramic materials. The proposed method is closely related to classical Rigorous Coupled-Wave Analysis built on scattering matrices, h
This paper analyses the effects of new public management governance on academics’ job choices. Based on a choice experiment carried out with faculty from a sample of Germany’s leading technical universities, we find that working environments characterized by varying levels of administrative burdens and high expectations concerning third-party funding acquisition are detrimental to self-actualizati
Prokaryotic Argonaute proteins (pAgos) from the long-A clade are stand-alone immune systems that use small interfering DNA (siDNA) guides to recognize and cleave invading plasmid and virus DNA. Certain long-A pAgos are co-encoded with accessory proteins with unknown functions. Here, we show that cyanobacterial long-A pAgos act in conjunction with Argonaute-associated Cas4 family enzyme 1 (ACE1). S
We propose a dynamical model depicting nitrogen (N2) fixation (diazotrophy) in a unicellular cyanobacterium, Crocosphaera watsonii, grown under light limitation and obligate diazotrophy. In this model, intracellular carbon and nitrogen are both divided into a structual pool and a storage pool. An internal pool that explicitly describes the nitrogenase enzyme is also added. The model is successfull
A novel bacterial strain, MSB163, was isolated from the stool sample of a healthy mother, 4 weeks after giving birth via vaginal delivery. Taxonomic identification tools revealed that MSB163 belongs to the genus Bacteroides, but it is distinct from any currently known species. The closest related species is Bacteroides cellulosilyticus strain BFG- 250, with an average nucleotide identity (fastANI)
While the importance of breastfeeding on the developing infant gut microbiota has been established, few studies have compared the effect of breastfeeding duration on infant gut microbiota development. In this pilot study, we included 23 infants, divided into 4 groups to compare the effect of breastfeeding duration for first 4 (BreastFed_4) or 8 weeks (BreastFed_8) compared to exclusive breast
What impact did the process of Romanization have on the landscapes and territories of ancient Hispania? This book examines the transformations of Baetica through a rigorous study of Western Sierra Morena and the Lands of Antequera, two key regions for understanding this historical period.The research adopts an innovative perspective that integrates spatial analysis and landscape study to examine t
Fibromyalgia is a chronic syndrome characterized by pain, fatigue, and cognitive disturbances. The increased prevalence of contact allergy to gold in individuals with fibromyalgia when compared with the general population has previously been described. Gold contact allergy can manifest as a systemic contact dermatitis, with cutaneous and extracutaneous manifestations presenting upon systemic admin
Double diffusion encoding (DDE) makes diffusion MRI sensitive to a wide range of microstructural features, and the acquired data can be analysed using different approaches. Correlation tensor imaging (CTI) uses DDE to resolve three components of the diffusional kurtosis: isotropic, anisotropic, and microscopic kurtosis. The microscopic kurtosis is estimated from the contrast between single diffusi
Bioenergi spelar idag en stor roll i det svenska energisystemet ur klimat- och energisäkerhetssynpunkt men vilken roll kan inhemsk bioenergi komma att spela framöver för att Sverige ska bli ett fossilfritt samhälle med nettonollutsläpp 2050? Syftet med denna rapport är att utifrån olika perspektiv beskriva hur tillförseln av inhemska skogsbaserade biobränslen kan komma att förändras under perioden
With the rapid process of urbanization, water conflicts between different water use industries and areas are increasing. Therefore, China has implemented the three-cordons system of water resources management since 2012, when how to make more reasonable regulation of water resources became an urgent problem in most areas of China. In this study, taking the Yuanhe River Basin as an example, an inte
