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A comprehensive linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE) approach for parametric speech enhancement is developed. The proposed algorithms aim at joint LMMSE estimation of signal power spectra and phase spectra, as well as exploitation of correlation between spectral components. The major cause of this interfrequency correlation is shown to be the prominent temporal power localization in the excit

Understanding how sensory information is used by motor systems for motor commands requires detailed knowledge about how the body shape and biomechanics are represented in the motor circuits. We have used the withdrawal reflex system as a model for studies of sensorimotor transformation. This system has a modular organisation in the adult. Each module performs a detailed and functionally adapted se

Heparan sulphate and chondroitin/dermatan sulphate proteoglycans of human skin fibroblasts were isolated and separated after metabolic labelling for 48 h with 35SO4(2-) and/or [3H]leucine. The proteoglycans were obtained from the culture medium, from a detergent extract of the cells and from the remaining 'matrix', and purified by using density-gradient centrifugation, gel and ion-exchange chromat

This article presents a reanalysis of the caption to the Visual Cliff experiments, which where formulated by Gibson and Walk and presented in Scientific American in 1960. The present experiment is based on non-linear processing. This has required a phase-dependent processing and an exact reproduction of the identified control parameters, which are the periods and fractions, as well as shear and st

Along a stream, we investigated whether the abundance of stone loach (Barbatula barbatula, L.) was related to the presence of brown trout (Salmo trutta, L.) and instream habitat variables. First, a field survey was carried out where different habitat variables and the densities of both species were quantified and subjected to principal components analysis. Then the abundance of stone loach was rel

An informal home caregiver is a person (family member or friends) who takes care of or participates to some degree in the care of a person in the home. This study provides a selected review of literature published 1982-2003 of the informal home caregiving from a gender perspective. A computer-aided search using MEDLINE and CINAHL was carried out. The final number of articles was 45. The main findi

The title compound 1 (C24H15N3S) crystallizes in an orthorhombic unit cell, with a = 8.2355(3), b = 19.1499(8), and c = 11.3520(5) angstrom, Z = 2, and space group Pnma. The pentacyclic ring system is folded mainly along the S-N(2) axis and slightly along the C(3)-C(4) and C(3')-C(4') axes. The butterfly folding angle between the two quinoline planes is 48.96(3)degrees and the angle between the pl

In this 25th year anniversary paper for the IEEE Real Time Systems Symposium, we review the key results in real-time scheduling theory and the historical events that led to the establishment of the current real-time computing infrastructure. We conclude this paper by looking at the challenges ahead of us.

In market-driven software development there is a strong need for support to handle congestion in the requirements engineering process, which may occur as the demand for short time-to-market is combined with a rapid arrival of new requirements from many different sources. Automated analysis of the continuous flow of incoming requirements provides an opportunity to increase the efficiency of the requi

OBJECTIVES: To measure and compare the urinary cotinine concentration (U-cotinine) in non-smoking cabin attendants (C/A) working with the Scandinavian Airlines System, before and after work on intercontinental flights with exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). METHODS: The study material consisted of 24 cabin attendants and one pilot, all volunteers and all without exposure to ETS in the

This volume contains extracts from The Cultural Revolution in Inner Mongolia, an unpublished 600-page account by a Chinese historian "W. Woody" based exclusively on original archive material and interviews with survivors. The focus of the extracts is on the ethnicidal political movement to “uproot” the so-called “New Inner Mongolian People’s Party.” This movement, which took place in 1968-69, led

Preterm birth is the major cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity in the developed world. Where there are no contraindications to their use, tocolytics can improve neonatal survival rates by approximately 3% per day between 23 and 27 weeks gestation with a concomitant reduction in morbidity. The ultimate aim of tocolytic therapy is to prolong pregnancy until growth and maturation is complete,

We screened six populations of the clonal forest floor moss Plagiomnium affine from forests of different ages for genetic variation at 23 allozyme loci. Samples consisting of two adjacent, unconnected shoots were taken at regular intervals along one transect from each population. Transect lengths varied from 22 to 52 m, depending on the size of the local populations. From a sample of 602 shoots, w