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Ändringsbefogenheten i entreprenadavtalen utgör ett viktigt element i entreprenadrätten och säkerställer entreprenaders fullgörande. Entreprenadavtalen är särpräglade och skiljer sig från avtal i övrigt på grund av de förhållanden som råder i ett entreprenadavtal. Dessa avtal kan däremot ibland stå i motsats till de upphandlingsrättsliga reglerna om väsentliga ändringar och direktupphandlingar. EnThe possibility to change an existing contract is essential in construction contracts and ensures the fulfilment of the work. The possibility to modify the constructions contracts makes these contracts different from other contracts in general. This modification can, however, sometimes stand in contrast to the public procurement rules regarding material changes and a new procurement procedure must

This paper examines media’s role in Russian hybrid warfare by using the Ukraine crisis as a case study. The purpose is to investigate how Russia Today has supported hybrid warfare by attempting to create legitimacy for Russia’s annexation of Crimea. The theory underpinning this work is the theory of framing, developed by Robert Entman. The principles of framing theory have been operationalized in

The use of readmission agreements and safe third country rules enable the allocation of protection responsibilities from EU member states to third countries. Due to the increased displacement of individuals from Syria and Afghanistan, these legal mechanisms have been of increased importance to the European Union asylum policy during the recent year. The purpose of this thesis is to examine to what

Den 18 mars 2016 antogs ett avtal mellan EU och Turkiet i syfte att begränsa den irreguljära migrationen. Avtalet innebär, bland annat, att alla som tar sig till Grekland från Turkiet kommer att återsändas till Turkiet från och med 20 mars 2016. Enligt avtalet ska dessa åtgärder vidtas i enlighet med internationell rätt och EU-rätt. Asylsökande ska även ges rätt till en individuell prövning. Huru

I den svenska straffrätten finns det en möjlighet att medge ansvarsfrihet för vissa gärningar med stöd av en allmän princip om social adekvans, vilken också kan beskrivas som en oskriven ansvarsfrihetsgrund. Principen, som har utvecklats i doktrin och rättspraxis, aktualiseras när det saknas stöd i andra undantagsregler för att en viss gärning ska vara fri från straffansvar, samtidigt som det framIn the Swedish criminal law there is a possibility to exclude criminal liability for certain acts with the support of a general principle of social adequacy, which can be described as an unwritten ground for excluding criminal liability. The principle has been developed in doctrine and case-law and is taken into consideration when there are no other rules to explain why a certain act should be fre

This study attempts to develop Michel Foucault’s analysis of political power in terms of power in ordinary and non-typical political fields, with main focus on the field of food: such as the constructed normalisation of meat in Sweden. The main reason with the analysis is to broaden classical concepts of power within the field of political science in general. Analysis centre around the potential p

Asylrätten i ett EU-medlemsland består av ett samspel mellan nationell, EU-rättslig och internationell politik samt rättskällor. Dessa tre nivåer ger riktlinjer för hur en asylbedömning ska utföras och vad den ska innehålla. Grunden är att en som asylsökande måste anses uppfylla flyktingkriterierna som uppställs i Genèvekonventionen. Om beslutande myndighet anser detta vara fallet, erkänns personeIn an EU-member state, asylum law is the result of an interplay between national, EU and international policies and sources of law. All three levels give guidelines on the content of and how to carry out an asylum assessment. The basis for any asylum assessment is that the asylum seeker meets the refugee criteria put forth in the Geneva Convention. If this is found to be the case the person is rec

Samhället har genomgått en snabb digital utveckling. En konsekvens av denna utveckling är att möjligheterna att snabbt flytta och skapa ny information har ökat dramatiskt. Detta har lett till att även den information som kan utgöra potentiellt bevismaterial har ökat. Ett symptom från praxis på denna problematik är fenomenet med urvalsbevisning. Att låta ett urval av bevisningen vara representativt

Användningen av riktade sanktioner mot fysiska och juridiska personer har ökat dramatiskt under de senaste årtiondena. Åtgärder som frysning av tillgångar och reseförbud har ersatt traditionella handelsembargon och blivit bland de vanligaste utrikes- och säkerhetspolitiska verktygen i internationella organisationer som EU och FN. Riktade sanktioner har dock fått utstå betydande kritik från ett mThe use of targeted sanctions against individuals and legal entities has rapidly increased during the last decades. Measures, such as freezing of assets and travel bans, have replaced comprehensive trade embargos and are now among the most frequently used foreign policy tools of international organisations like the European Union (EU) and the United Nations (UN). However, the use of targeted sanc

Det är lagen om offentlig upphandling som sätter de yttersta ramarna för hur upphandlande myndigheter ska gå tillväga vid inköp av varor, tjänster och byggentreprenader. Som utgångspunkt omfattas både statliga och kommunala myndigheter av bestämmelserna om offentlig upphandling. Desto svårare blir bedömningen när det gäller sådana organ som inte betraktas som myndigheter, men som samtidigt genom fThe Swedish Public Procurement Act is the legal framework that governs the proceedings of contracting authorities when purchasing public supply contracts, public service contracts and public works contracts. The legal framework on public procurement is applicable on both state authorities and municipal authorities. However, the rules are not clear in regard to the assessment of bodies that are not

This thesis explains why Swedish single women in 2016 got the right to assisted impregnation. By adopting a social constructivist perspective on social problems, the answer is found in the construction of problems and causes of problems in the policy process. Through a qualitative content analysis the result shows that the most significant social problem was that single women were discriminated, a

This thesis takes on the distribution of influence at the local level of the Church of Sweden from a legitimacy theory perspective. It is argued that the high levels of member resignation could be viewed as a manifested lack of confidence due to the failing legitimacy of the Church of Sweden. In order to continue the academic discussion on the democratic relation between the Church and its members

This paper examines how the Swedish police work with football-related disorder has changed. With a descriptive approach the paper analyses two reports from Brottsförebyggande rådet, an interview of supporterpolisen in Malmö and an interview of the President of MFF Support, the official supporters club of football club Malmo FF. The theory underlying the analysis is Critical Security Studies, two t

Since entering the European Union in 1995, Sweden’s union membership has affected different aspects of national politics. One such aspect is the changed role of the national administration. The aim of this thesis is to study how national agencies handle their responsibility of making information regarding their participation in the EU accessible to the public, and what effect it has on democratic

This bachelor thesis aims to shed light on the different developments in citizenship policies that has taken place in Sweden and Austria during the 20th and 21st century. In this effort I use Sara Goodman's theory on citizenship policy orientation- which relies heavily on the method of historical institutionalism - to explain why countries develop including/restrictive citizenship traditions.

The Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a market-based attempt to mitigate global greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, the mechanism is said to contribute to sustainable development in the Global South. This essay examines the forestry sector of the CDM, with the aim to illuminate the problematic nature of letting the market solve climate issues. By approaching the case fr

The aim of this thesis is to study the security concept presented in official speeches held by former Chinese president Hu Jintao and current president Xi Jinping in order to determine how their understanding of the security concept has affected Chinese politics during the years 2009-2016. It uses relevant security theory in order to explore different security ideals, and regime theory to understa

This thesis aims to study the representation of gender aspects in health policies from an international level down to regional Swedish level to see if the gendered perspective is present. It also aims to see how the Swedish region Gävleborg with their policy work can create possibilities for gender equality in health development. A feminist post structural theory and a policy analysis together wit

This paper highlights new challenges to Sweden’s psychological defense, brought on by new information and communication technology which by its nature divides society. By evaluating older theories regarding framing, the paper finds that not only the way information is spread but also the social practice in connection to it is changed by the decentralizing aspects of modern information technologies

Protesting against human rights violations is dangerous. Worldwide, human rights defenders are subject to violations ranging from harassment to murder. One way in which human rights defenders are silenced is through the misuse of the national judicial system where it is employed to punish human rights defenders for their work. Vague laws contribute to making this possible because they obfuscate th