Popular Abstract in Swedish Alla ryggradsdjur har ögon av en typ som kallas kameraöga. Som man kan höra på namnet så fungerar ett sådant öga ungefär som en kamera. En lins fokuserar ljuset på ett ljuskänsligt lager som i ett öga kallas för näthinna (retina). De ljuskänsliga cellerna i näthinnan heter tappar och stavar. Stavarna används för seende i mörker och tapparna används för seende i starkareMany fishes have well-developed visual systems with color vision capabilities. The crystalline lens is the major refractive element in a fish eye since the cornea is optically inactive underwater. A typical fish eye has a large pupil and a lens of short focal length, features that increase light gathering ability. They lead also to short depth of focus, which makes the eye particularly susceptible

Today's electrical energy conversion devices, such as motors, transformers, inductors and generators, are based on laminated magnetic cores for reduction of eddy current losses, imposing a two-dimensional magnetic flux distribution. Using a three-dimensional magnetic flux distribution while maintaining low magnetic losses requires new approaches to magnetic core materials. Soft Magnetic Composites

Location information is exchanged among members of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) to serve many road and safety applications. Vehicles will announce their identity, position, and mobility information to their neighboring nodes. The importance of such information makes privacy a major concern. Successful implementation of VANET requires protecting the vehicle's identity at all times and preventi

The BCJR algorithm is a symbol-bysymbol soft-output MAP decoder for trellis codes. This paper studies the effect of wordlength variations on the BCJR performance and looks at two strategies for reducing the wordlength.

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Extraordinary transmission of electromagnetic power through sub-wavelength apertures is usually observed in a narrow bandwidth range and the transmission outside this range is low. In this paper, it is shown that the transmission through periodic apertures in an otherwise perfectly electric conducting sheet satisfies a sum rule that relates wavelength regions with transmission above a threshold wi

New particle accelerator based research facilities tend to be much more productive, but often in coincidence with higher energy consumption. The total energy consumption of mankind is steeply rising and this is mainly caused by quickly developing countries. Some European countries decided to terminate nuclear power generation and to switch to sustainable energy production. Also the CO2 problem giv