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Examensarbete titel: Faktorer bakom kreditbetyg Seminariedatum: 5 juni 2025 Ämne/Kurs: FEKH89 Företagsekonomi: Examensarbete i finansiering på kandidatnivå, 15 högskolepoäng Författare: Erik Ekelund, Filippa Johnson och André Malmberg Handledare: Anamaria Cociorva Nyckelord: Kreditbetyg, finansiella nyckeltal, sovereign ceiling policy, kreditvärderingsinstitut, S&P Forskningsfråga: Hur påverkThesis title: Determinants of credit ratings Seminar date: June 5th 2025 Subject/Course: FEKH89 Business Administration: Bachelor Degree Project in Financial Management Undergraduate Level, 15 credits Authors: Erik Ekelund, Filippa Johnson and André Malmberg Supervisor: Anamaria Cociorva Key words: Credit rating, financial ratios, sovereign ceiling policy, credit rating agencies, S&P Research

This study explores how successful livestreamers use strategic communication during TikTok Livestream Shopping, to create influence on viewers' purchase behavior. Livestream Shopping is a well-established phenomenon in Asia, but it remains under-researched in the Western context, particularly from the livestreamer’s perspective. By analyzing the communication of three successful Western livest

This study investigates the relationship between the frequency of credit ratings changes and stock return volatility using a dataset of publicly listed U.S. firms with annual credit ratings from the past ten years to construct both cross-sectional and panel datasets across different time windows. The main empirical approach of this thesis is fixed effects panel regression with clustered estimator,

My thesis examines police practices used to suppress social protests in Argentina from the restoration of democracy in 1983 to the present, with a focus on crimes committed by law enforcement in the context of protest repression and the state of accountability for those crimes. This research seeks to contribute by providing a structured legal analysis of protest repression, illustrated through the

This paper examines the organisational cultures of the three main Swedish intelligence services as well as differences between these cultures. The method used is inductive process tracing with the goal of producing testable hypotheses. The theoretical framework is built upon Edgar Schein’s definition of organisational culture and his model for how they are formed and develop over time, March &

Tillgång till rent vatten och fungerande avloppssystem är en grundläggande samhällsfunktion som kommunerna ansvarar för att tillhandahålla. Dessa funktioner möjliggörs genom omfattande nätverk av VA-ledningar som ofta placeras i kommunalägd mark. När VA-verksamheten bedrivs genom kommunala bolag eller kommunalförbund uppstår frågor om markupplåtelseersättning till kommunen. Det saknas tydliga riktAccess to clean water and functioning sewage water systems is a fundamental municipal responsibility, often realized through extensive networks of pipes placed in municipally owned land. When water and sewage water services are managed through municipal companies or inter-municipal associations, questions arise regarding compensation to the municipality for the use of municipal land. The lack of c

In the 1980s, the fantasy role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons underwent a controversy, as the game was accused of being satanic, occult, or otherwise dangerous. This essay seeks to create a deeper and more holistic understanding of how US. American Christian evangelicals imagined the game Dungeons & Dragons from 1979 to 1991. A variety of written source material is analysed using qualitat

To prevent carbon leakage and level the playing field between EU and foreign producers, the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) entered its transitional phase in October 2023. Despite concerns abroad that CBAM would impose regulatory burdens, no study has causally estimated its impact on trade flows. Using monthly import data (Jan 2017– Dec 2024), I estimate a difference-in differences

As demand for nicotine pouches continues to grow globally, especially in the form of tobacco-free snus, efficient and scalable packaging solutions have become essential for producers. This report presents the design, development, and testing of a fully automated end-of-line packaging station using a collaborative robot (cobot), specifically the UR10e. The project was carried out in collaboration w

I en alltmer globaliserad och digitaliserad värld ställs varumärken inför utmaningen att anpassa sin kommunikation till kulturellt varierande målgrupper, samtidigt som de upprätthåller en enhetlig global identitet. Denna studie undersöker hur det globala varumärket IKEA anpassar sin varumärkeskommunikation till olika kulturella kontexter, genom att analysera inlägg från Instagram kontona @ikeasverIn an increasingly globalized and digitalized world, brands face the challenge of adapting their communication to culturally diverse audiences while maintaining a coherent global identity. This study explores how the global brand IKEA adapts their brand communication to different cultural contexts, by analyzing posts from the Instagram accounts @ikeasverige and @ikeauae. The theoretical framework

Amelogenin, the predominant protein in enamel formation, has been recognized not only for its role in guiding hydroxyapatite crystal growth but also for its therapeutic potential in periodontal regeneration. In this study, we investigated the effects of different amelogenin assembly states, using modified amelogenin variants on the proliferation, metabolic activity, and osteogenic differentiation

This master thesis analyses the effectiveness of smart beta strategies in improving the returns of index funds within the Nordic and Baltic regions. The study employs a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative literature review with quantitative empirical analysis of historical market data, focusing on key stock indices in Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Lithuania, Latvia and Estoni

Water scarcity is an increasing global challenge, driven by growing population, economic development, agriculture, and climate variability. Reusing greywater offers a sustainable alternative water source for non-potable applications, reducing the demand for freshwater. Proper treatment is essential to ensure safety and prevent environmental pollution. Biological treatment, utilizing microorganisms

Title: Sustainability in cross-atlantic economies: The effect of ESG score on cost of debt in the EU and US Seminar date: 2025-06-02 Course: BUSN79 - Degree Project in Accounting and Finance Authors: Johan Hellberg & Vilhelm Andersson Supervisor/examiner: Elias Bengtsson/Diem Nguyen Key words: ESG, cost of debt, financial systems, sustainability regulations, stakeholder Purpose: This stu

This thesis investigates the model Children’s Housing First as a selective policy in the neoliberal housing context in Sweden. The two research questions are (1) how is Children’s Housing First operating as a selective housing policy? and (2) to what extent does Children’s Housing First reinforce or challenge neoliberal components in the current Swedish housing regime? Children’s Housing First is

Member States of the EU have authority to set up national tax systems in line with their national policies. While Member States maintain sovereignty over direct taxation, this power is constrained by EU law, including the State aid rules. National tax rulings can sometimes result in certain undertakings gaining advantages. The EU has rules regulating aid measures, to combat distortion of competiti

Bakgrund: Postoperativa kognitiva komplikationer, såsom postoperativt delirium (POD) och postoperativ kognitiv dysfunktion (POCD), är vanliga hos äldre patienter efter kirurgi. Anestesidjup har identifierats som en möjlig påverkande faktor, där övervakning med bispektralt index (BIS) kan bidra till en mer individanpassad anestesistyrning och därmed minska risken för negativa kognitiva utfall. Tidi

This thesis explores the electrification of DB Schenker’s collection and distribution (CoDi) fleet at a Swedish terminal, referred to as The Terminal. The purpose is to identify the challenges involved in electrifying the CoDi-fleet at The Terminal and to suggest solutions focused on two critical areas: charging management systems (CMS) and physical charging infrastructure (CI). The end goal is to

In a climate of crisis and uncertainty, security has become a key value for Generation Z. This study explores how security is communicated in employer branding targeting young adults. Based on semi-structured interviews with ten communications professionals in the private sector, and using narrative theory and Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the analysis shows that security is rarely conveyed exp

This master’s thesis examines school librarians’ approaches to reading, focusing on the tension between utilitarian and pleasurable reading in light of the school library’s dual mission to support students’ knowledge acquisition and to foster reading enjoyment. The study uses a qualitative research method, based on semi structured interviews with eight school librarians. The theoretical framework