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A time-consuming yet mandatory step during in vitro sexual propagation of orchids is the treatment of seeds with a disinfecting solution that also serves to scarify the seeds. If the seeds are not properly disinfected, microorganisms grow within the culture vessel, thus reducing the efficacy of the process and burdening the operation with unnecessary materials and labour. On the other hand, a long
Possession of flowers that trap fly pollinators is a conservative trait within the genus Ceropegia, in which pollination systems can be generalized or highly specialized. However, little is known about the role of plant–pollinator interactions in the maintenance of species boundaries. This study examined the degree of plant–pollinator specialization and identified the parameters responsible for sp
A critical step during in vitro sexual propagation of terrestrial orchids is the treatment of the microscopic seeds with a disinfecting solution that kills bacteria and fungi attached to the seeds. This treatment is necessary to prevent infection of the culture vessels. At the same time, the treatment serves to scarify the seeds, a process that disrupts seed dormancy and initiates germination. The
ABSTRACT Biological invasions have intensified in recent decades, mostly driven by international trade and travel, raising significant concerns, particularly regarding insect pests. Once non-native species establish, they can disrupt natural ecosystem stability, undermine agroecosystem sustainability and cause substantial economic losses. The urgency to anticipate these socio-economic impacts has
With considerable flux in the peace and conflict landscape, scholars, policymakers, practitioners and publics alike are scrambling to understand emerging realities. Moreover, a sometimes slow academic publishing cycle means that much material appearing in academic journals seems already outdated–reporting on a peace and conflict landscape as though we are still in an era of comprehensive peace pro
The PRIMARY score was implemented in Prostate Cancer Molecular Imaging Standardized Evaluation (PROMISE) version 2 to improve accuracy for the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer using prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET). We reviewed overall survival (OS) for patients who underwent PSMA PET for initial staging to evaluate the prognostic valu
This study introduces the novel concept of the justice/participation paradox to post-conflict peace and justice literature. The 2016 peace agreement between the Colombian government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) formalised a solution to the peace-versus-justice dilemma: allocating congressional seats to FARC while ensuring legal accountability through the Special Jurisdicti
P. F. Strawson's 1962 essay ‘Freedom and Resentment’ has been enormously influential for the contemporary responsibility discussion. It nevertheless remains contested how the essay is to be understood, and what the central argument is, if there even is any such. In her recent book Freedom, Resentment, and the Metaphysics of Morals (2020), Pamela Hieronymi argues that what is, in fact, the central
Objective: To describe longitudinal changes of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) features in the medial vs lateral tibiofemoral (TF) and patellofemoral (PF) compartments, in knees with no radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) at baseline. Design: In 340 individuals from the Osteoarthritis Initiative aged 45–55 years (51% women) with 430 knees at risk for OA and 250 not at risk, we assessed MRI scans of
The 2023 Hamas attack on Israel and the ensuing war in Gaza brought the humanitarian response into the spotlight, alongside the international community’s inability to deal with political obstacles in the humanitarian response. However, humanitarian interventions in the Gaza Strip and their effectiveness have long been debated by scholars and practitioners, even before October 2023, mainly from the
Purpose: Electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) are used postoperatively to detect complications through real-time symptom monitoring. This study examines whether alerts triggered through the “Recovery Tracker” (RT), an ePRO system, predict 30-day re-admission or re-operation after lumpectomy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed breast cancer patients who underwent lumpectomy at a single in
The genus Lupinus (Fabaceae) represents an exceptional model system for studying evolutionary processes mediated by pollinators and environmental factors. This review synthesizes evidence on phenotypic variability of floral traits, trait selection by biotic and abiotic factors, and the eco-evolutionary implications of these interactions. Pollinators shape floral traits through specialized selectio
There has recently been much interest in Gaussian fields on linear networks and, more generally, on compact metric graphs. One proposed strategy for defining such fields on a metric graph Γ is through a covariance function that is isotropic in a metric on the graph. Another is through a fractional-order differential equation Lα/2 (τu) = W on Γ, where L = κ2 − ∇(a∇) for (sufficiently nice) function
Purpose • To investigate if R1 and R2 can reliably be measured using 3D quantitative MRI in an intraoperative setting when paediatric brain tumour surgery is performed. • To determine whether B1+ inhomogeneities affect R1 and R2 measurements in normal-appearing white matter and the thalamus, respectively, and how R1 and R2 measurements are affected by different coils. • To assess how the relaxatio
Regularized models are often sensitive to the scales of the features in the data and it has therefore become standard practice to normalize (center and scale) the features before fitting the model. But there are many different ways to normalize the features and the choice may have dramatic effects on the resulting model. In spite of this, there has so far been no research on this topic. In this pa
Objective: To report the use of a percutaneous carotid access with vessel closure devices (VCDs) during complex endovascular aortic arch repair. Methods: Seven international high-volume centers conducted a retrospective review of all patients receiving percutaneous carotid access with VCD during endovascular aortic arch procedures to investigate its feasibility and safety. The primary end point wa
Mitochondria play a crucial role in metabolism and energy production by generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation. They also help maintain intracellular calcium levels, facilitate communication between the nucleus and cytoplasm, detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS), and regulate apoptosis. Reversible acetylation of mitochondrial proteins is a key post-translationa
When did Sweden become equal? This question has far-reaching implications for our understanding of Swedish history and for general theories about inequality, institutions, and politics more broadly. In this article, we present the first multidimensional comparative analysis of the development of inequality in Sweden. Our findings reveal that, although the share of income and wealth accruing to the
How do bribes and lobbying distort judgment? In our experiment, referees are tasked with judging a worker’s performance, and awarding a bonus to workers who score above a certain threshold. We find that bribes and lobbying are both distortionary, but in different ways. Whereas lobbying increases the number of workers receiving a bonus, bribes weaken the relationship between performance and success
