Banknotes and their design play an important role in creating a nation’s identity.This paper analyzes the design of German, French and Italian banknotes in the period after the formation of national states in the 19th century until the outbreak of World War II. We take into account the economic development of these countries and relate it to banknote issuance. Our analysis reveals that the banknot

In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, increasing attention has been paid to the role played by financial factors in business cycle fluctuations. The crisis also led to the development of economic policies, beyond traditional microprudential regulation, that promote financial stability. Macroprudential policy is one such tool. It fosters a more resilient financial system by directly tack

Urbana, pluviala översvämningar orsakar stor skada på infrastruktur, byggnader och stadslivet under och efter extremregn. I den här studien har anmälningar och rapporter från försäkringsbolag och VA-huvudmannen i Malmö, VA Syd, analyserats spatialt. Målsättningen var att få en bättre förståelse för de mekanismer som påverkar pluviala översvämningar, dvs. översvämningar från intensiva regn, ibland Urban, pluvial flooding severely effects infrastructure, buildings and urban life during and after extreme rainfall. In this study, spatial analyses of flood claims from insurance companies and the water utility company of Malmö, VA Syd, are used to better understand the mechanisms and characteristics of pluvial flooding. The same data sets are used to analyse how blue-green infrastructure impacts

Den svenska balansen för att skydda företagsheligheter är nödvändigtvis inte den rätta sedd i ett internationellt perspektiv. Marknadsföringslagstiftningens regler, som bygger på europeisk samordning, pekar mot att skyddet för företags kunskap behöver stärkas. Det gäller kanske också den svenska lagen om företagshemligheter. Två förslag i den riktningen kan vara att i den svenska lagen om företags

Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is a common complication for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), a disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The cause of CFRD is unclear, but a commonly observed reduction in first-phase insulin secretion suggests defects at the beta cell level. Here we aimed to examine beta- and alpha-cell function in th

AbstractThis essay focuses on teachers' perspective on student engagement and aims to highlight the connection between student engagement, teaching and content matter. It investigates how teachers interpret the concept of student engagement and what consequences their interpretation have for themselves, their teaching and their students. It also examines how teachers perceive the relationship betw

The resource curse literature underscores the fact that extractive economies face challenges in diversifying their economies. What is less explored are the public finance challenges encountered in these economies when the extractive industries are completely privatized. Using a recently compiled dataset on public revenues, expenditures and debt, this paper explores the nexus between the privatized

We now know that state formation experiences outside Europe were not merely attenuated or failed versions of the European experiences (Herbst, 2000; Hoffman, 2015; Johnson and Koyama, 2016). The diverse paths taken towards the modern state imply that existing knowledge on state formation processes can be enhanced by integrating the experiences of Africa and other developing regions. This dissertat