Fundamental limits on scattering metrics such as absorption, extinction, and Purcell's factor are formulated by separating a scattering structure into controllable and uncontrollable regions. We present each bound as a special case of a general methodology based on the method of moments and convex optimization.

Systems mixing Boolean logic and arithmetic have been a long-standing challenge for verification tools such as SAT-based bit-vector solvers. Though SAT solvers can be highly efficient for Boolean reasoning, they scale poorly once multiplication is involved. Algebraic methods using Gröbner basis reduction have recently been used to efficiently verify multiplier circuits in isolation, but generally

Elastic fibers containing elastin play an important role in tendon functionality, but the knowledge on presence and function of elastin during tendon healing is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate elastin content and distribution in intact and healing Achilles tendons and to understand how elastin influence the viscoelastic properties of tendons. The right Achilles tendon was complet

Objectives: Risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) is low among first-generation immigrants in Sweden. We aimed to study incident MS in first- and second-generation immigrant groups. Materials & Methods: We included adults aged 18 years and older in Sweden in first-generation (n = 6 042 891) and second-generation (n = 4 860 469) sub-studies. MS was defined via two diagnoses in the Swedish National Pa

Background: Over half of children with rare genetic diseases remain undiagnosed despite maximal clinical evaluation and DNA-based genetic testing. As part of an Undiagnosed Diseases Program applying transcriptome (RNA) sequencing to identify the causes of these unsolved cases, we studied a child with severe infantile osteopetrosis leading to cranial nerve palsies, bone deformities, and bone marrow

The source region of the Yangtze River (SRYR), the origin of the longest river in China, is an area with high-mountains and river ecotones that face considerable challenges under climate change. Precipitation is fundamental for sustainable ecosystems in this area and for the downstream water supplies. Thus, this study investigated the present and future patterns of precipitation variation in the S

Projektet handlar om logistiska utmaningar för små matproducenter som prövar nya mer direkta distributionskanaler, s.k. alternativa korta matkanaler (AKM). Denna växande rörelse syftar till att kortsluta konventionella långa försörjningskedjor med stora livsmedelsproducenter, grossister och butikskedjor. AKM är t.ex. traditionella gårdsbutiker, torghandel (t.ex. i form av Bondens marknad) och ande

Following systemic injection, hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) is known to be selectively retained in malignant tissue. This property can be used in a two-fold way: a) for localizing tumours by observing the characteristic dual-peaked laser-induced fluorescence from HPD, and b) for photodynamic therapy (HPD-PDT) using a localized HPD-assisted singlet oxygen release induced by irradiation of 630 nm

The basement membrane (BM) is a special type of extracellular matrix and presents the major barrier cancer cells have to overcome multiple times to form metastases. Here we show that BM stiffness is a major determinant of metastases formation in several tissues and identify netrin-4 (Net4) as a key regulator of BM stiffness. Mechanistically, our biophysical and functional analyses in combination w

We consider the problem of outsourcing computation on data authenticated by different users. Our aim is to describe and implement the simplest possible solution to provide data integrity in cloud-based scenarios. Concretely, our multi-key linearly homomorphic signature scheme (MKLHS) allows users to upload signed data on a server, and at any later point in time any third party can query the server

Loss and damage from climate change, recognized as a unique research and policy domain through the Warsaw International Mechanism (WIM) in 2013, has drawn increasing attention among climate scientists and policy makers. Labelled by some as the “third pillar” of the international climate regime—along with mitigation and adaptation—it has been suggested that loss and damage has the potential to cata

Current levels of global warming (Haustein et al. 2017) have already intensified heat waves, droughts, and floods, with many recent events exhibiting evidence of being exacerbated by anthropogenic climate change (e.g., Herring et al. 2016, 2018). Recent improvements in understanding demonstrate that half a degree of additional warming will have further severe impacts (Masson-Delmotte et al. 2018).

Homomorphic authenticators (HAs) enable a client to authenticate a large collection of data elements m1, …,mt andoutsource them, along with the corresponding authenticators, to an untrusted server. At any later point, the server can generatea short authenticator σf , y vouching for the correctness of the output y of a function f computed on the outsourced data, i.e.y = f (m1, …,mt). The notion of

As messaging applications are becoming increasingly popular, it is of utmost importance to analyze their security and mitigate existing weaknesses. This paper focuses on one of the most acclaimed messaging applications: Signal. Signal is a protocol that provides end-to-end channel security, forward secrecy, and post-compromise security. These features are achieved thanks to a key-ratcheting mechan

Ridesharing is revolutionizing the transportation industry in many countries. Yet, the state of the art is based on heavily centralized services and platforms, where the service providers have full possession of the users’ location data. Recently, researchers have started addressing the challenge of enabling privacy-preserving ridesharing. The initial proposals, however, have shortcomings, as some

Multi-Key Homomorphic Signatures (MK-HS) enable clients in a system to sign and upload messages to an untrusted server. At any later point in time, the server can perform a computation C on data provided by t different clients, and return the output y and a short signature σC,y vouching for the correctness of y as the output of the function C on the signed data. Interestingly, MK-HS enable verifie