Recently, it has been shown and validated that presence and severity of emphysema on computed tomography could be estimated by a novel spirometry based index, the emphysema severity index (ESI). However, the clinical relevance of the index has not been established. We conducted cox-regression analyses with adjustment for age, smoking, sex, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital ca

The energy levels of the 2p54f configuration in neon-like sulphur, S VII, have been derived from spectral lines in the region 330-375 Å. The lines, which were identified as belonging to the 3d-4f transition, were emitted from a laser-produced plasma. The structure in the 4f configuration has been studied through a parametric fit of Slater integrals.

We present a compact, few-cycle, short-wave infrared light source delivering 13 μJ, carrier-envelope phase (CEP) stable pulses around 2 μm, operating at 200 kHz repetition rate. Starting from an ytterbium fiber amplifier, the seed is produced via white-light generation followed by difference frequency generation, and later amplified in two BiBO nonlinear crystals. A pulse duration of 15.8 fs is me

Energy levels of the configurations 4s4p and 4p2 in zink-like Zr, Nb and Mo have been derived through the identification of spectral lines emitted from laser-produced plasmas. Intercombination lines in the 4s4p-4p2 transition connect the singlet and triplet systems. Wavelengths for spinforbidden and magnetic quadrupole ground term combinations have been derived from the energy levels.

While both innate and adaptive immune system mechanisms have been implicated in resistance against the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), studies on the role of specific MHC haplotypes on Bd infection are rare. Here, we studied variation in MHC Class IIB loci in the common toad Bufo bufo along a latitudinal gradient across Sweden. In general, Swedish toad populations had few MHC C

Oat is susceptible to several Fusarium species that cause contamination with different trichothecene mycotoxins. The molecular mechanisms behind Fusarium resistance in oat have yet to be elucidated. In the present work, we identified and characterised two oat UDP-glucosyltransferases orthologous to barley HvUGT13248. Overexpression of the latter in wheat had been shown previously to increase resis

Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) maps can be effectively produced by cost‐effective and frequent satellite observations. Powerful cloud computing platforms are emerging as a growing trend in the high utilization of freely accessible remotely sensed data for LULC mapping over largescale regions using big geodata. This study proposes a workflow to generate a 10 m LULC map of Europe with nine classes, ELUL

The internal heat exchangers of a vehicle in driving are excited by forced vibration due to road bumps. But the effect of this phenomenon on the thermal-hydraulic performance of the heat exchanger has not been systematically studied. To investigate the influence of this vibration on the heat transfer characteristics, a numerical model of the rectangular heat exchanger unit channel under vibration

Reduced walking ability is common in persons with late effects of polio (LEoP). Here, we explored how many walking limitations persons with LEoP perceive, and how these limitations influence daily life, by using a mixed-methods design. Fourteen persons (mean age 70 years, whereof 7 women) with LEoP responded to the Walking Impact Scale (Walk-12), and were inter-viewed individually. Qualitative dat

Objectives To explore the relationship between creatinine and cystatin C based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in actively working sugarcane cutters. Methods This cohort study included 458 sugarcane cutters from Nicaragua and El Salvador. Serum samples were taken before and at end of harvest seasons and analysed for creatinine and cystatin C. Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collabo

Galectins are galactoside-binding proteins that play a role in various pathophysiological conditions, making them attractive targets in drug discovery. We have designed and synthesised a focused library of aromatic 3-triazolyl-1-thiogalactosides targeting their core site for binding of galactose and a subsite on its non-reducing side. Evaluation of their binding affinities for galectin-1, -3, and

Knowledge of price formation in fisheries is important in understanding effects of fisheries regulations and the support or resistance to regulations from different stakeholders. This article studies how demand can be traced out using wind speed on a fishing trip. Wind speed is strongly correlated with the quantities of Norwegian lobster (Nephrops) available on the market. Using wind variables as

Using the excess energy of charge carriers excited above the band edge (hot carriers) could pave the way for optoelectronic devices, such as photovoltaics exceeding the Shockley-Queisser limit or ultrafast photodetectors. Semiconducting nanowires show promise as a platform for hot-carrier extraction. Proof of principle photovoltaic devices have already been realized based on InAs nanowires, using