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Particle exchange heat engines are a novel class of cyclic heat engines that are all-electrical, contain no moving parts and can therefore be scaled down to nanometer size. At the center of their operation is the manipulation of a particle flow between a hot and a cold reservoir through energy filtering mechanisms, where their efficiency depends primarily on the sharpness of the energy filter. In
Background: Understanding the relationship between serum ferritin levels and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes is crucial for improving risk stratification and guiding therapeutic interventions aimed at preventing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). This study aimed to identify distinct clusters of individuals with type 2 diabetes who have varying risks of MACE using a data-driven
Thermoacoustic effects arise when a temperature gradient is present in a sound field. This work investigates the interplay of orthogonal sound and thermal fields in a water-filled microchannel. We measured the three-dimensional streaming in the water-filled cavity for only sound applied, for only thermal gradient, and for the two fields combined. The resulting thermoacoustic streaming was 30 times
Background: Management of traumatic spinal cord injury is complex and depends on a multidisciplinary approach involving pre-hospital services, spinal surgery, intensive care unit treatment and specialized rehabilitation. International clinical practice guidelines for the handling of these patients offer specific recommendations regarding transportation, radiological investigations, timing of surge
Background & aims: Colorectal cancer (CRC), particularly rectal cancer, often requires neoadjuvant radiotherapy (RT) as part of its treatment plan. Although effective, RT can cause significant gastrointestinal side effects. Because the onset of RT-induced tissue injury can be anticipated, there is an opportunity to apply preventive measures before the damage occurs. This study aimed to assess
The delay between the origin of animals in the Neoproterozoic and their Cambrian diversification remains perplexing. Animal diversification mirrors an expansion in marine shelf area under a greenhouse climate, though the extent to which these environmental conditions directly influenced physiology and early organismal ecology remains unclear. Here, we use a biogeochemical model to quantify oxygen
We address the structure of homogeneous mixtures of equal volumes of water and oil rendered miscible by the addition of amphiphilic molecules. Specifically, we study the pathway from regular ternary solutions to structured microemulsions with increasing amphiphilic chain length, i.e., increasing i and j for alkyl polyglycol ether surfactants (CiEj) from C3E0 (i.e., propanol) to C5E2, using contras
Business model innovation (BMI) plays a key role in driving sustainability transitions, yet its interplay with the broader socio-technical system is often overlooked. This study investigates BMI in the emerging niche of insect-based food and feed in Sweden, employing a combined Business Model Design Space (BMDS) and dynamic capabilities perspective. Drawing on interviews with ten insect firms, we
This study inventories, classifies, and evaluates the hydrological heritage of North Macedonia, categorizing key features into four main groups: (1) river basins, including rivers and waterfalls; (2) springs, classified as karst and thermal; (3) natural lakes, subdivided into tectonic, glacial, landslide, denudation, and karst types; and (4) marshes. Recent measurements have shown a significant de
The development of treatment resistance remains universal for patients with metastatic prostate cancer, driven by androgen receptor alterations and lineage state transitions. Identifying the evolution of lineage transitions in treatment resistance has been limited by the challenges of collecting serial tissue biopsies on treatment, which can be overcome using blood-based liquid biopsies. Using a n
Aedes albopictus, a key vector for Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika, and Yellow Fever, is expanding its range beyond its tropical and subtropical origins, driven by suitable climate, population mobility, trade, and urbanization. Since its introduction to Europe, Ae. albopictus has rapidly spread and triggered recurrent outbreaks. Past model attempts have handled vector suitability and vector introduction
Background Suicide attempts are common in youth and have potentially lethal outcomes. Effective treatments targeting suicide attempts are scarce. Objective To assess the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a family-based cognitive behavioural treatment relative to an active control for youth with suicidal behaviour. Methods 30 youths (93% female; mean (SD) age=14.6 (1.5) years) residing in Swe
Background: Higher meat intake has been associated with adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigated plasma metabolites associated with meat intake and their relation with cardiometabolic biomarkers, subclinical CVD markers, and incident CVD. Methods: Associations between self-reported meat intake and 1272 plasma metabolites were investigated in the SCAP
Changes in drug use in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic and their long-term consequences are not well understood. We employed natural language processing and machine learning to analyse a large dataset of self-reported rates of and reasons for drug use during the pandemic, along with their associations with anxiety, depression and substance use problems post-pandemic. Our findin
We investigated the mRNA expression of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in cells from four human vascular beds: umbilical vein (HUVEC), microvasculature (MVEC), aorta (HAEC), and coronary artery (CAEC). Our study revealed that the orphan receptor ELTD1 (ADGRL4) was the most abundantly expressed GPCR mRNA in all four EC types. When recombinantly expressed in U87 cells, ELTD1 receptors activated
Density functional theory (DFT) thermochemistry of 3d transition-metal complexes is well-known to be sensitive to the amount of exact Hartree-Fock exchange incorporated into the exchange-correlation functional. For example, relative energies of different protonation states of iron-sulfur complexes may vary by hundreds of kJ/mol among different DFT methods. In the present study, we examine the rela
Background: Unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, including unhealthy alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, smoking, and nonadherence to dietary recommendations, are major contributors to non-communicable diseases and mortality. While adopting healthy behaviours can reduce these risks in middle-aged adults, research is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the distribution of unhea
OBJECTIVE: We previously demonstrated that artificial intelligence (AI)-directed chest computed tomography (CT)-based total opacity scores (TOS) are associated with high-risk obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) based on the Berlin Questionnaire. In the current study, we examined the association between TOS severity and OSA severity based on polysomnography (PSG) recordings among participants with a hist
Study region: The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a high-altitude region characterized by harsh environmental conditions and limited accessibility, making the monitoring of its numerous lakes a significant challenge. This region is crucial for hydrological studies, and its numerous lakes play an important role in regional water dynamics and climate change research. Study focus: This study evaluates the ap
