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This paper argues that cost-effectiveness analysis in the healthcare sector introduces a discrimination risk that has thus far been underappreciated and outlines some approaches one can take toward this. It is argued that appropriate standards used in cost-effectiveness analysis in the healthcare sector fail to always fully determine an optimal option, which entails that cost-effectiveness analysi
This paper addresses normative issues that arise in relation to indicators and measures of health impact. With inspiration from Nicole Hassoun's recent proposal, the paper argues and illustrates that those interested in measuring global health impact face questions about how to prioritize among those with ill-health, how to weigh benefits to those who cannot lead minimally good lives against benef
It has recently been argued that in normal decision circumstances no systematic decision method that predicts the likelihood that individuals possess some property can be fair. Either (i) the decision method correctly identifies the relevant property (e.g. recidivism) more often in one subgroup (e.g. black defendants) than another (e.g. white defendants); or (ii) the decision method systematically
This chapter outlines some of the implications of nondeterminacy, however it is explained, for rational choice. The chapter demonstrates that when nondeterminacy is present, some decision strategies actualize dynamic choice problems and resolutional remainder, while others violate basic requirements of rationality, such as basic contraction consistency and acyclicity. It is hypothesized that clues
The possibility of incommensurability indicates that some predicates are different: when two things are incommensurable, neither is determinately better than the other nor are they equally as good as each other. Hence, they are related in some other manner. The possibility of incommensurability can be argued for by referring to the existence of moral dilemmas. Whenever one can make a small improve
A global rules-based order is in flux amid intensifying United States (US)-China geopolitical competition for economic and technological advantage. Concerns about the economic and security risks of dependency on China increasingly shape economic and political decision-making in the West. This paper looks at various national responses to the rise of China in the sphere of scientific collaboration a
There is now a widespread scholarly consensus that we can see in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries a close but complex discursive and institutional relationship between mental illness and the set of cultural assumptions and practices which we call “Romanticism”. My purpose in this essay is to explore how that relationship is both manifested in and challenged by the English Romanti
Reindeer pastoralism, practiced by groups of the Indigenous Sámi people in Sweden, is being threatened by a new wave of encroachments. In this paper I take stock of how the Sámi movement has mobilized around grievances related to the ecological conditions that support natural pasture-based reindeer pastoralism. I apply the contentious politics approach to social movement theory, and Felix Kolb’s c
In affluent nations, variations in obstetric care, particularly during emergencies, perplexingly manifest in differing intervention and outcome rates. Although these variations mirror systemic disparities, they are also suggested to reflect the interplay of social and professional interactions between obstetricians/gynecologists and midwives, stemming from adherence to distinct professional paradi
Kan framtidens shoppingupplevelse redan ha varit här? Ja mycket av det som av både upplevelse- och hållbarhetsskäl anses tillhöra framtidens konsumtion dominerade butikslokalerna i svenska städer för hundra år sedan. Det såldes livsmedel i lösvikt, man behövde handla dagligen eftersom ingen hade kylskåp hemma och det fanns många verkstäder och skräddare där man beställde precis det man behövde (ocThis chapter is a contemplation on the future experiences of local high streets based on analysing the past and present of one such local street, Södergatan in Helsingborg, Sweden. This street was established in the mid-nineteenth century, in an emerging working-class district, Söder, whose initial residents lived in crowded conditions. Without any modern technologies for storing food, or any cars
Free-electron lasers are capable of producing high-quality radiation in a wide wavelength range and at very high power and brilliance. To reach improved performance especially regarding coherence, bandwidth and wavelength stability, different seeding techniques are often required. However, a successful implementation of seeding typically demands a very high-quality electron beam, in terms of energ
Hamas and Islamic Jihad's surprise attack on Israel represents an unprecedented upheaval to the status quo in the region. Wilson Center experts, fellows, and alumni weigh in to analyze events transpiring on the ground in the military, diplomatic, and humanitarian dimensions. This article will be updated as the situation develops.The views expressed in these entries below are those of the authors a
The exponential growth of converging technologies, including augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, machine-to-machine and machine-to-human interactions, biomedical and environmental sensory systems, and artificial intelligence, is driving the need for robust infrastructural systems capable of handling vast data volumes between end users and service providers. This demand has prompted a significa
Repair practices are driven not only by consumers’ internal motivation, but also by external infrastructural, social including cultural, financial, and political factors. We explore these factors with the goal of understanding the public repair of electrical and electronic products (e-products) from a systems perspective to help devise appropriate change interventions. We document (a) behavioral a
Eyes in low-light environments typically must balance sensitivity and spatial resolution. Vertebrate eyes with large "pixels" (e.g., retinal ganglion cells with inputs from many photoreceptors) will be sensitive but provide coarse vision. Small pixels can render finer detail, but each pixel will gather less light, and thus have poor signal relative-to-noise, leading to lower contrast sensitivity.
