Objective: Different hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function tests are used for diagnosing disease and evaluating suppressive effects of corticosteroid treatment. Our objectives were to evaluate sensitivity and precision of different HPA axis tests to be able to select one that combines good performance with good practicability, suitable for investigation of new corticosteroids in clini

Genetic variation plays ail important role in osteoporosis and a prime candidate gene is Collagen alpha2(I) (COL1A2). A coding polymorphism (rs42524) in COL1A2 has previously been associated with intracranial aneurysms. Here the effects of this polymorphism have been Studied in relation to bone mineral density (BMD) and prevalences of stroke and myocardial infarction (MI). rs42524 was genotyped in

In endeavouring to explain the empirical puzzle that the sunk costs of exporting are important, but that, at the same time, trade flows do not, on average, survive for very long, this paper explores the concepts of core and peripheral markets. First, it illustrates that if the importance of sunk costs as well as the expected future returns from exporting are different, depending on whether the exp

Background: Heavy-flavor modification in relativistic p(d) + A collisions are sensitive to different kinds of strong-interaction physics ranging from modifications of the nuclear wave function to initial- and final-state energy loss. Modifications to single heavy-flavor particles and their decay leptons at midrapidity and forward rapidity are well established at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

α-Synuclein (α-syn) is the most abundant protein found in Lewy bodies, a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD), and can aggregate to form toxic oligomers and fibrillar structures. Recent studies have shown that α-syn can be transmitted between neurons and can seed the formation of toxic aggregates in recipient neurons in a prion-like manner. In addition, it is known that Lewy body pathology may spr

Popular Abstract in Swedish Varje dag dör miljoner celler i kroppen. Döda celler som finns kvar i kroppen innehåller ämnen som kan reta immunförsvaret och skapa inflammationer. Därför är det viktigt att döda celler tas om hand av kroppen på ett sådant sätt att inte immunförsvaret aktiveras. Aktiveras immunförsvaret kan det leda till att personen får inflammationer. Kroppen har utvecklat komplexa sSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease where improperly cleared apoptotic cells and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) induce an autoimmune response. Complement is crucial to prevent SLE by tailoring immune responses and opsonizing dead cells but may also induce inflammation and tissue damage once the disease is initiated. Complement C1q binds to apoptotic cells and ensures

The ambiguity domain plays a central role in estimating the time-varying spectrum and in estimating the covariance function of nonstationary random processes in continuous time. For processes in discrete time, there exist different definitions of the ambiguity domain, but it is well known that neither of these definitions perfectly resembles the usefulness of the continuous ambiguity domain. In th

Context: New data regarding the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility have emerged and led to an update of the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for Male Infertility. Objective: To review the new EAU guidelines for Male Infertility. Evidence acquisition: A comprehensive work-up of the literature obtained from Medline, the Cochrane Central Register of Systematic Reviews, and re

We present a novel method for deriving network models from molecular profiles of perturbed cellular systems. The network models aim to predict quantitative outcomes of combinatorial perturbations, such as drug pair treatments or multiple genetic alterations. Mathematically, we represent the system by a set of nodes, representing molecular concentrations or cellular processes, a perturbation vector

Background: Innate defence mechanisms of the airways are impaired in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), predisposing patients to lower respiratory tract infections, but less is known about the association with other infections. In this population-based cohort study, we investigated the associations between COPD and invasive bacterial disease by comparing incidence rates of bacteraemia i

This paper considers a single-echelon, continuous review, inventory system with a warehouse facing compound Poisson customer demand. The replenishment lead-time is constant. Demand that cannot be met directly is backordered. There are standard linear holding and backorder costs but no set-up or ordering cost. It is assumed that the demand process starts at a certain given time. Consequently, befor

It has recently been shown that several classical open problems in linear system theory, such as optimization of decentralized output feedback controllers, can be readily solved for positive systems using linear programming. In particular, optimal solutions can be verified for large-scale systems using computations that scale linearly with the number of interconnections. Hence two fundamental adva

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Low socioeconomic status is associated with increased incidence of stroke. This study investigated stroke incidence, recurrence, and case-fatality after stroke among middle-aged Swedish men and women and whether this association differs by gender or stroke subtype. METHODS: A total of 69 625 (49% men) citizens, aged 40 to 65 years, living in the city of Malmö in 1990 were s

Pollination by bees is important for food production. Recent concerns about the declines of both domestic and wild bees, calls for measures to promote wild pollinator populations in farmland. However, to be able to efficiently promote and prioritize between measures that benefit pollinators, such as modified land use, agri-environment schemes, or specific conservation measures, it is important to

In order to find the selection rules that can be applied to the electromagnetic transitions when the chiral geometry is achieved, a model for a special configuration in triaxial odd-odd nuclei is constructed which exhibits degenerate chiral bands with a sizable rotation. A quantum number obtained from the invariance of the Hamiltonian is given and the selection rule for electromagnetic transition

Purpose To examine the impact of a new model of care, in which a clinical pharmacist conducts structured medication reviews and a multi-professional team collates systematic medication care plans, on the number of unidentified DRPs in a hospital setting. Methods In a prospective two-period study, patients admitted to an internal medicine ward at the University Hospital of Lund, Sweden, were includ

The surface charge density of C-S-H particles appears to be one of the key parameters for predicting the cohesion strength, understanding the ion retention, the pollutant leakage, and admixture adsorption in hydrated cement pastes. This paper presents a Monte Carlo simulation of the surface-ions interactions that permits the prediction of surface charge density (sigma), electrokinetic potential (z

Biomolecular motors offer self-propelled, directed transport in designed microscale networks and can potentially replace pump-driven nanofluidics. However, in existing systems, transportation is limited to the two-dimensional plane. Here we demonstrate fully one-dimensional (1D) myosin-driven motion of fluorescent probes (actin filaments) through 80 nm wide, Al2O3 hollow nanowires of micrometer le