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Premise: Flower phenotypes evolve to attract pollinators and to ensure efficient pollen transfer to and from the bodies of pollinators or, in self-compatible bisexual flowers, between anthers and stigmas. If functionally interacting traits are genetically correlated, response to selection may be subject to genetic constraints. Genetic constraints can be assessed by quantifying standing genetic var
Om fotbollshistoria
What drives the adoption of pottery amongst prehistoric foragers in high-latitude environments? Following the long-running interests of archaeology in explaining the origin and dispersal of new technologies, recent years have seen growing efforts to understand what drove the emergence and expansion of early hunter-gatherer pottery use across northern Eurasia. However, many regional dimensions to t
Turbulent emulsification is of considerable industrial interest. Nevertheless, numerical experiments (direct numerical simulations, DNS, with highly resolved interface tracking) have been mainly used to study drop breakup in idealized flows. This study, therefore, compares drop breakup in two different settings (homogenous and isotropic flow, and a simplified high-pressure homogenizer) with the in
Value is a key concept in public service logic. However, exactly what the concept of value brings to public services, where the value of a service cannot be linked to a cost or a payment, has not received much attention. In this article, examples are shown of how value is expressed empirically by a corpus based on interviews with various stakeholders in a municipal service context. The study prese
Real-time prediction of train arrivals is important for proactive traffic control and information provision in passenger rails. Despite many studies in predicting arrival times or delays at stations, they are essentially the next-step time series prediction problem which may limit their applications in practice. For example, passengers on the trains or waiting on platforms may have different desti
• The Arctic is continuing to warm faster than any other region on Earth, but key uncertainties remain in our knowledge of the Arctic carbon cycle. • We review the most current knowledge pertaining to estimates of arctic greenhouse gas components and discuss uncertainties associated with these measurements and models. • While the Arctic Ocean is consistently estimated as a carbon sink, we have yet
IMPORTANCE: Chronic breathlessness is common in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Regular, low-dose, extended-release morphine may relieve breathlessness, but evidence about its efficacy and dosing is needed.OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of different doses of extended-release morphine on worst breathlessness in people with COPD after 1 week of treatment.DESIGN, SETTING
Background: In the laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure, the gastrojejunal stoma is constructed with either a circular (CSD) or a linear stapling device (LSD). The diameter of the stoma following stapling with the 21 mm CSD is expected to be approximately 12 mm (diameter of the anvil). Measuring the stoma diameter after linear stapling is a little more complex since the remaining openin
Biofilms are assemblages of sessile microorganisms that form an extracellular matrix around themselves and mediate attachment to surfaces. The major component of the extracellular matrix of Uropathogenic E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae are curli fibers, making biofilms robust and resistant to antimicrobials. It is therefore imperative to screen antibiofilm compounds that can impair biofilm fo
Schlieren photography is widely used for visualizing phenomena within transparent media. The technique, which comes in a variety of configurations, is based on detecting or extracting the degree to which light is deflected whilst propagating through a sample. To date, high-speed schlieren videography can only be achieved using high-speed cameras, thus limiting the frame rate of such configurations
The multi-objective optimal power management of multi-microgrid systems is solved in this paper. Minimizing the total cost and emission of the system are considered as the objective functions. The multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied on a multi-microgrid system that consists of four microgrids each includes diesel generators, wind turbines, photovoltaic units, battery,
