On the night of November 13, 2015, after the attacks perpetrated by the so-called Islamic State against France in Paris and Saint-Denis, President François Hollande decreed the state of emergency. This state of emergency is a state of exception which restricts certain civil liberties such as the freedom of assembly, as several NGOs and UN rapporteurs denounced. Since the September 11 attacks, seve

Uppsatsen behandlar den svenska konsensusdemokratin där nedskärningen av det svenska försvaret utgör forskningsproblemet. Uppsatsen belyser konvergensen inom den politiska sfären i ett syfte att söka en förståelse för fenomenet. Det empiriska underlaget består av regeringspropositioner vilka behandlar försvarsbesluten och uppsatsens teoretiska ramverk utgörs av Ken Booths kritiska säkerhetsstudier

The aim of this thesis is to analyze whether the aggressive foreign policy actions recently taken by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia can be understood and explained through political identity theory and role conception theory from a social constructivist theory perspective. This will be done through a discursive analysis method according to Laclau and Mouffe, aiming to identify a discourse of the iden

Uppsatsen analyserar den svenska utrikespolitiken efter regeringen deklarerat införandet av en feministisk utrikespolitik. Uppsatsen använder en diskursanalys för att skapa förståelse för hur utrikespolitiken är formad. Uppsatsen analyserar diskursen om feministisk utrikespolitik genom studier av ett urval av regeringens egenproducerade offentliga material. Detta görs även för att synliggöra de un

The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 have had a profound effects on global perceptions of security and threats. The ensuing global War on Terror has increasingly been used by the US as a pretext to wage a ‘global war’, far outside the borders of the American homeland. As a result of this, Africa has grown in strategic value, with the US increasingly engaging with states like Kenya with the

The aim of this case study is to investigate to which extent the concept of TOD (Transit-oriented Development) has been implemented in the urban development project surrounding the Citytunneln train station Triangeln in Malmö, Sweden. Furthermore the study has focused on answering if these implemented TOD concepts has had a role in creating gentrification in the area. The research methods used in

Our modern society’s functionality and safety is highly dependent on the smooth functioning of a number of activities, services and flows, frequently termed as critical infrastructures. Disruptions in these infrastructures pose a great risk for our societies, which could result in economic losses, damage to the environment and public health, and in worst-case result in loss of life. This thesis se

Unveiling political motivation as a feature in the actions of states has since the mid 20th century been a rising subject of interest in the academic research of International Relations. Research has predominatly focused on the incidence of war as a method to foster domestic support, however the manifestation of political stimulus streches past these events. The study aims to reasearch the politic

Personuppgifter och användardata har kommit att få ett större kommersiellt värde än någonsin tidigare. I den digitala ekonomin är personuppgifter ofta en av företags viktigaste tillgångar. Företags ökade insamling och hantering av personuppgifter innebär dock risker och utmaningar i förhållande till EU-medborgares personliga integritet och personuppgiftsskydd. Denna uppsats tar sin utgångspunkt i The commercial value of personal data is now higher than ever before. In the digital economy, personal data is often a company´s most valuable asset. However, the increased collection and processing of personal data poses risks and challenges to the protection of EU citizens’ privacy and personal data. This paper is based on the conflict of interests between the protection of personal data in rela

The urbanization process today places high demands on our city planners to find the best practices and solutions for the transportation systems in our growing and crowded cities. The bike is seen as one of these solutions, but if the bike will have a functional role in our cities, we need to create accessible and available bicycle networks. This paper is based on a case study of Lund, a city where

Swedish migration politics is going through a radical change in 2016 when restrictive temporary laws are accompanied by governmental plans of deporting up to 80,000 people the coming year. This thesis takes a hold of these changes and investigates how the political ambition of deporting a radically increased amount of people has been made possible. More specifically, the thesis examines how the Sw

När föräldrar till barn i vårt samhälle blir oense och inte på egen hand kan lösa frågor om vårdnad, boende och umgänge träder vår rättsliga reglering in för att reda ut den konflikt som råder. Regleringen avseende vårdnad, boende och umgänge finns i 6 kap. FB. När en konflikt mellan föräldrar presenteras för socialnämnden eller tas upp i allmän domstol fyller de civilrättsliga reglerna kring vårdThe regulation concerning custody, residence and access are provided in the Swedish Parental Code Chapter 6. When a conflict between parents is presented before the social welfare committee or the general Court, our civil law regulation fills a controlling function as well as a conflict resolution function. Our social welfare committee or our Courts shall ensure that all decisions concerning cus

De senaste åren har den svenska sockerkonsumtionen debatterats flitigt i media. Att Sverige skulle införa en sockerskatt för att minska den höga konsumtionen har föreslagits av såväl akademiker som politiker. Trots att ett införande av en svensk sockerskatt har föreslagits i en rad riksdagsmotioner, har dessa avslagits gång på gång. Debatten har trots detta fortsatt, och att den till slut kommer uIn the past few years the high sugar consumption has been a concern in Sweden as well as world wide because of the health problems it may lead to. As a result of the increased sugar consumption, some countries have introduced a tax on sugar to reduce the consumption. In Sweden there is an ongoing debate concerning a possible introduction of this kind of tax, but the Swedish tax committee has rejec

Arbetet behandlar handelsbolag och underprisöverlåtelser samt hur ämnet utvecklats. Underprisöverlåtelsereglerna i 23 kap. IL tillåter företag att avyttra tillgångar för priser som understiger marknadsvärdet, utan att transaktionen blir utsatt för beskattning. Reglerna finns för att gynna omstruktureringar, ombildningar och för att upprätthålla en kontinuitet i beskattningen. År 2008 diskvalificeThis thesis deals with partnerships and undervalue transfers, as well as how the subject has developed over time. The undervalue transfer regulations in chapter 23 IL allows companies to dispose assets for prices below market value, without the transaction being subject to taxation. These regulations exist in order to benefit restructuring, remodelling and to maintain continuity in taxation. In 20

Orientation of Myriococcum thermophilum Cellobiose Dehydrogenase (MtCDH) immobilized on spectroscopic graphite electrodes has been investigated electrochemically through flow injection analysis in order to obtain more information about the DET efficiency of this enzyme. The effect of applied potential and the long term stability of the modified electrodes were determined, as well as the bioelectro

Since the early 1990s, NATO and Russia have cooperated in a number of areas. Relations grew stronger, even though there were clear contradictions in various fields. But the cooperation continued until the beginning of 2014 when Russia through violence annexed the Crimean peninsula. The action had the consequence of NATO suspending any and all cooperation with Russia and relations are at the worst

I takt med dagens ökade globalisering arbetar EU med att utveckla ett rättsligt samarbete som bygger på ömsesidigt erkännande av domstolsavgörande och utomrättsliga avgöranden. Arvsförordningen kom till som en del av detta arbete och syftar till att öka förutsägbarheten för gränsöverskridande arvsfrågor. För att avgöra vilken stat som är behörig att hantera arvsfrågorna så måste den avlidnes hemviDue to the expanding global mobility of people, the legal obstacles in cross-border successions have increased. Legislative action by the EU to simplify the process of cross-border successions within the EU has now led to the EU Succession Regulation. The EU Succession Regulation mainly answers two important conflict-of-law questions: Firstly, which court is competent to deal with a cross-border s

Kontinuitetsprincipen och fångesklassificering har ofta ett direkt samband. Att en överlåtelse klassificeras som gåva medför i regel att inkomstbeskattning kan underlåtas när en tillgång överlåts och att mottagaren övertar obeskattat värde i enlighet med kontinuitetsprincipen. Vid underprisöverlåtelser enligt reglerna i 23 kap. IL finns visserligen en lagstadgad kontinuitetsbestämmelse som är tillThe appreciation of assets is usually subject for taxation when transferred. However, if the principle of basis carryover is applied, it is possible to transfer assets without any immediate taxation. When this principle is applied, the appreciation of the assets is transferred to the transferee, and therefore the tax liability does not cease, it is only postponed. In Swedish domestic tax law, ther

I Sverige ansvarar Skatteverket för kontrollen av deklarationer och ska därmed se till att alla betalar rätt skatt. För att kontrollera detta har Skatteverket ett antal kontrollmetoder vilka oftast utgår i de flesta fall från den skatteskyldiges deklaration. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka de kontrollmetoder som används av Skatteverket och de principer som verket behöver följa när de utförIn Sweden, the Tax Agency is responsible for the verification of tax declarations to ensure that everyone pays the right amount of tax. In order to ensure that the taxpayers pays the correct amount of tax, the Tax Agency uses a number of control methods, with the most common method being the taxpayer's declaration. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the control methods used by the Swedi

The feeling of being unsafe in the city creates restrictions in many people's lives. The urban environment has an impact on the perception of safety and the municipality can through their work with the urban design affect the safety. This thesis analyzes a form of citizen participation in urban development, called safety walks. The aim of the study is to examine in which ways safety walks may