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The aim of the BENCHOP project is to provide the finance community with a common suite of benchmark problems for option pricing. We provide a detailed description of the six benchmark problems together with methods to compute reference solutions. We have implemented seventeen different numerical methods for these problems, and compare their relative performance. All implementations are available o

It has been unclear whether ischemic stroke induces neurogenesis or neuronal DNA rearrangements in the human neocortex. Using immunohistochemistry; transcriptome, genome and ploidy analyses; and determination of nuclear bomb test-derived (14)C concentration in neuronal DNA, we found neither to be the case. A large proportion of cortical neurons displayed DNA fragmentation and DNA repair a short ti

The transmission of infrared (IR) and visible frequencies through modern energy-saving glass, due to etching of bandpass frequency-selective surfaces (FSSs), is analysed. Energy-saving glass panels employ a very thin layer of metallic oxide on one side of the ordinary glass. Due to the presence of this layer, IR waves are attenuated whereas visible wavelengths can pass through, providing good see-

A new species, Nipponoparmelia perplicata described from Korea and Russia, is segregated from N. laevior, from which it differs in having shorter and wider lobes that characteristically turn down towards the margins. The pseudocyphellae are inconspicuous, positioned along the lobe margins or on the underside. An improved description of N. pseudolaevior is presented, including new data on isidia wi

Let e⊂R be a finite union of ℓ+1 disjoint closed intervals, and denote by ω j the harmonic measure of the j left-most bands. The frequency module for e is the set of all integral combinations of ω 1,…,ω ℓ . Let {a˜n,b˜n}∞n=−∞ be a point in the isospectral torus for e and p˜n its orthogonal polynomials. Let {an,bn}∞n=1 be a half-line Jacobi matrix with an=a˜n+δan , bn=b˜n+δbn . Suppose ∑n=1∞∣δan∣2+

The team behavior literature is ambiguous about the relations between members’ interpersonal processes—task debate and task conflict—and team performance. From a social influence perspective, we show why members’ interpersonal processes determine team performance over time in small groups. Together, over time, dissenting in-group minorities who share information (via debate) with majorities, who s

Gas-phase dehydration of glycerol to acrolein is studied over tungsten and niobium oxide supported on monoclinic zirconia. Supported tungsten oxide is slightly better than supported niobia with initial yields to acrolein around 78% and 75%, respectively, at complete conversion of glycerol. No synergy is observed using mixed structures with W and Nb. The addition of oxygen to the feed has almost no

Protein synthesis has been studied for more than half a century, but the atomic details of this complex system, the ribosome, began to be revealed in 1999 and 2000 through crystallographic structure determinations. As with all biomolecular systems, the advent of atomic structures are milestones in the process of relating function to structure. During these 10 years there has been an avalanche in b

Consumers often have a positive attitude to the option of receiving personalized nutrition advice based upon genetic testing, since the prospect of enhancing or maintaining one’s health can be perceived as empowering. Current direct-to-consumer services over the Internet, however, suffer from a questionable level of truthfulness and consumer protection, in addition to an imbalance between far-reac

Objective: Parental history of diabetes and specific gene variants are risk factors for type 2 diabetes, but the extent to which these factors are associated is unknown. Methods: We examined the association between parental history of diabetes and a type 2 diabetes genetic risk score (GRS) in two cohort studies from Finland (population-based PPP-Botnia study) and the US (family-based Framingham Of

Background. For breathing adapted radiotherapy, the same motion monitoring system can be used for imaging and triggering of the accelerator. Purpose. To evaluate a new technique for prospective gated computed tomography (CT) and four-dimensional CT (4DCT) using a laser based surface scanning system (Sentinel(™), C-RAD, Uppsala, Sweden). The system was compared to the AZ-733V respiratory gating sys

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small DNA tumour viruses that are present in more than 99% of all cervical cancers. The ability of these viruses to cause disease is partly attributed to the strict coordination of viral gene expression with the differentiation stage of the infected cell. HPV gene expression is regulated temporally at the level of RNA splicing and polyadenylation, and a dysregulat

This Letter presents a search for quantum black-hole production using 20.3 fb(-1) of data collected with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The quantum black holes are assumed to decay into a final state characterized by a lepton (electron or muon) and a jet. In either channel, no event with a lepton-jet invariant mass of 3.5 TeV or more is observed, consistent with

Internationalisation of higher education is a strategic theme in current research on higher education and policy debate. Both at national and institutional levels, in many countries, internationalisation is stated to be an educational goal. However, the dominant discourse on internationalisation of higher education in research and research-based discussions tends to be framed by political, economi

Background. Islet allograft rejection in sensitized recipients is difficult to control by costimulation blockade using anti-CD154 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 immunoglobulin (CTLA4Ig). Because leukocyte function antigen (LFA) 1 is highly expressed on memory T cells, adding an LFA-1 blockade may inhibit memory T-cell activities. We examined the effects on islet allograft survival of triple

The ovariectomized (OVX) rat model is well established in investigations of osteoporosis and osteoporotic therapies. Advent of techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) facilitate characterization of bone composition and mineral structure, respectively, which are key determinants of bone strength. Limited publications exist on the imp

Genetically polymorphic species offer the possibility to study maintenance of genetic variation and the potential role for genetic drift in population divergence. Indirect inference of the selection regimes operating on polymorphic traits can be achieved by comparing population divergence in neutral genetic markers with population divergence in trait frequencies. Such an approach could further be

We give a detailed account of the theoretical analysis and the experimental results of an X-ray-diffraction experiment on quantum-state selected and strongly laser-aligned gasphase ensembles of the prototypical large asymmetric rotor molecule 2,5-diiodobenzonitrile, performed at the Linac Coherent Light Source [Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 083002 (2014)]. This experiment is the first step toward coherent

Reactions in aqueous solution under hydrothermal conditions between (+/-)-2,3-dimethylsuccinic acid and lanthanide chlorides lead to two different isostructural types with chemical formulas [Ln(2)(C6H8O4)(3)(H2O)(2)] Ln(III) = Pr-Eu (except Pm) (Type I, compounds 1-4) and [Ln(2)(C6H8O4)(3)] Ln(III) = Tb-Yb (except Tm) (Type II, compounds 5-9). The crystal structure has been solved for the Pr (1)-,