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SynopsisLinear free energy relationships based on equilibrium and kinetics measurements, including variable-temperature and high-pressure data, for complex formation reactions and aquations of square-planar palladium(II) complexes are derived and discussed. In particular, data for an extensive series of carboxylic acids of widely different basicities and steric properties, acting as nucleophiles tSynopsisLinear free energy relationships based on equilibrium and kinetics measurements, including variable-temperature and high-pressure data, for complex formation reactions and aquations of square-planar palladium(II) complexes are derived and discussed. In particular, data for an extensive series of carboxylic acids of widely different basicities and steric properties, acting as nucleophiles t

Many clinics in rural western Kenya lack access to safe water and hand-washing facilities. To address this problem, in 2005 a programme was initiated to install water stations for hand washing and drinking water in 109 health facilities, train health workers on water treatment and hygiene, and motivate clients to adopt these practices. In 2008, we evaluated this intervention's impact by conducting

To satisfy customers’ desires with a maintained efficiency of the production process is a challenge for many house construction companies. Houses are one-off projects with a production process characterized by variability and complexity that often lead to unpredicted costs. Prefabricated component solutions could possibly solve these issues through modularization, mass customization and delayed prTo satisfy customers’ desires with a maintained efficiency of the production process is a challenge for many house construction companies. Houses are one-off projects with a production process characterized by variability and complexity that often lead to unpredicted costs. Prefabricated component solutions could possibly solve these issues through modularization, mass customization and delayed pr

This study investigates the effects of Age of Onset of Acquisition (AOA) and the quality and quantity of input on the longitudinal development of gender in the acquisition of French by simultaneous (2L1) and successive bilingual children (cL2). There's an on-going debate regarding the main factors underlying linguistic development in bilingual children. Two independent variables, AOA and input, ha

SynopsisReactivity trends of thioethers toward square-planar complexes can be generally interpreted by use of an equation of the form: log k = γ + α∑σ* + βθ, where k denotes second-order rate constants, ∑σ* the sum of Taft constants for the thioether substituents, and θ the thioether cone angles. γ represents an intrinsic parameter for each substrate complex, while α is an electronic and β a steriSynopsisReactivity trends of thioethers toward square-planar complexes can be generally interpreted by use of an equation of the form: log k = γ + α∑σ* + βθ, where k denotes second-order rate constants, ∑σ* the sum of Taft constants for the thioether substituents, and θ the thioether cone angles. γ represents an intrinsic parameter for each substrate complex, while α is an electronic and β a steri

SynopsisOptimized structures describing key features of the potential energy surface for water exchange at three planar d8 centers have been calculated using ab initio density functional theory. The local density approximation (LDA), including relativistic corrections for Pt, gives good agreement with the available experimental ground state structural data. LDA binding energies together with expli

SynopsisVarious protolytic species of thiols RSH (thioglycolic acid, l-cysteine, dl-penicillamine, and glutathione) in rapid equilibria with each other reduce trans-[Pt(CN)4Cl2]2- in parallel, halide-bridged electron transfer reactions. A linear Brønsted correlation between the reactivity of the thiolate anions RS- and their basicity is observed. The mechanism derived might be used as a model for

SynopsisReduction of gold(III) complexes by thiocyanate takes place via rapid substitutions at gold(III), followed by intramolecular, slower reductive elimination through attack by outer-sphere thiocyanate. A transition state with an S−S interaction between attacking and coordinated thiocyanate is suggested for the redox process.AbstractAbstract ImageKinetics for reactions between thiocyanate and SynopsisReduction of gold(III) complexes by thiocyanate takes place via rapid substitutions at gold(III), followed by intramolecular, slower reductive elimination through attack by outer-sphere thiocyanate. A transition state with an S−S interaction between attacking and coordinated thiocyanate is suggested for the redox process.AbstractAbstract ImageKinetics for reactions between thiocyanate and

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