The discrepancy in societal attitudes toward female genital cosmetic surgery for European women and female genital cutting in primarily African girl children and women raises the following fundamental question. How can it be that extensive genital modifications, including reduction of labial and clitoral tissue, are considered acceptable and perfectly legal in many European countries, while those

The development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) is attributed to plastic responses triggered by dopamine (DA) receptor stimulation in the parkinsonian brain. This article reviews studies that have uncovered different levels of maladaptive plasticity in animal models of LID. Rats developing dyskinesia on chronic L-DOPA treatment show abnormal patterns of signaling pathway activation and synaptic

Recently we described the design of a hybrid microdevice for micro(nano)electrophoresis and electrochromatography, discussed its advantages and disadvantages compared to conventional microdevices and presented a few applications with lowmolecular-weight samples. In this paper, we demonstrate the broad application range of this device using UV-based analyses of (i) peptides by free-zone electrophor

Background Evidence suggests that mental health literacy among the public is low, and stigmatizing attitudes are widespread. So far the effects of anti-stigma campaigns are small, and studies demonstrate that negative attitudes have been quite stable through recent decades. Aims To investigate the relationships between mental health literacy, experience of mental illness and stigmatizing attitudes

BACKGROUND: This study aims to present a novel method for using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to non-invasively quantify the variation in pulmonary blood volume throughout the cardiac cycle in humans. METHODS: 10 healthy volunteers (7 males, 3 female, age range 21-32 years) were studied. The blood flow in the pulmonary artery and all pulmonary veins was quantified during free breathing u

Radiative lifetimes were determined for three quartet states of neutral nitrogen, and sequences of Rydberg states were studied using depletion spectroscopy. Free nitrogen atoms were generated by photodissociation of N2O using frequency-tripled dye-laser radiation that was two-photon resonant with the 2p(2)3p 4S or 4D states. Further quartet states were reached by a subsequent single-photon absorpt

Techniques for searching for good quasi-cyclic (QC) LDPC block codes of short and moderate lengths which are suitable for practical purposes are studied. To facilitate implementations only codes whose parity-check matrices having bidiagonal structure of their submatrices and consequently having low encoding complexity are considered. The problem of finding QC LDPC codes with the near-optimum frame

Major limitations to the pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease (PD) are the motor complications resulting from l-DOPA treatment. Abnormal involuntary movements (dyskinesia) affect a majority of the patients after a few years of l-DOPA treatment and can become troublesome and debilitating. Once dyskinesia has debuted, an irreversible process seems to have occurred, and the movement disorder become

In recent years, there has been an increased interest for use of pharmaceutical testosterone among elderly men. However, it is still scarcely studied if this use is conditioned by socioeconomic factors in the general population of elderly men.

Previous prospective cohort studies have shown that serum levels of sex steroids and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) associate with non-vertebral fracture risk in men. The predictive value of sex hormones and SHBG for vertebral fracture risk specifically is, however, less studied. Elderly men (aged ≥65 years) from Sweden and Hong Kong participating in the MrOS study had baseline estradiol and

A key recovery attack on the stream cipher Achterbahn-128/80, a cipher in the second phase of eSTREAM, is given. The key observation is a high dependency between some input bits to the Boolean combining function generating the keystream. It results in the first known attacks on both the 128-bit and the 80-bit variants of the cipher. The number of keystream bits required in the attacks is less than

The MIC wild-type (WT) distribution for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in BACTEC 960 MGIT is not defined, which may result in poor reproducibility for drug susceptibility testing (DST), as several DST methods with different breakpoints are in use. In a comparison between MGIT and Middlebrook 7H10 medium of seven first- and second-line drugs, including 133 MIC determinations of 15 WT isolates, we found

Microaggregate-poor erythrocyte concentrate with 3% dextran-60 as a plasma substitute was compared with microaggregate-poor whole blood for replacement of intra-operative blood loss. Their blood volume-conserving effects were studied by sequential blood volume determination with radioactive technetium (99mTc) in 19 patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Pre-operatively there was no difference

BACKGROUND: Technical developments in the management of atrial arrhythmias revived interest into the detailed knowledge of atrial anatomy. The atrial septum (AS), known for its complex structure, has been particularly difficult to study, and our knowledge of the muscular bundles providing routes for intra-atrial and interatrial conduction within the AS remains limited. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of th

Background: Fast-track (FT) programmes represent a series of multimodal concepts that may reduce surgical stress and speed up convalescence after surgery. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate FT programmes for patients undergoing hepatopancreatic surgery. Methods: PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies of FT vs. conventional recovery strategies for

The pricing literature is mainly concerned with pricing in association with standardized products and services. This article addresses the topic of pricing from the perspective of value creation logics, focusing on highly customized deliveries rather than standardized products. The article first outlines a framework of pricing settings, depending on value creation logics. It then exemes parts of t

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the female urethra is a rare tumour of unknown origin. Here, we report 4 patients with such malignancy and argue for proper identification of the disease entity and radical surgery based on the available literature.