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In the past two decades there’s been an incredible development in the field of in vitro neural cultures. Thanks to the developments in embryonic stem cell technology, and the ability to produce pluripotent stem cells from adult human cells, producing human neural cultures has become much more widely accessible, and the ability to recreate physiological processes is increasing at an accelerating ra

BACKGROUND: The advent of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors has revolutionized lung cancer treatment, necessitating accurate PD-L1 immunohistochemical (IHC) assessment. While standardized for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) histological samples, PD-L1 testing on cytology remains challenging. This review aims to address the complexities of PD-L1 IHC in cytology, focusing on validation guidelines, quali

In 2015 the Rockefeller Foundation-Lancet Commission defined planetary health as built on an ecological model that integrates the material, biological, social, and cultural aspects of public health and accepts the complexity and non-linearity of the dynamics of natural systems. The zoonotic COVID-19 pandemic hastened this awaking to the symbiotic nature of planetary health politics (PHP), with the

Några av världens allra främsta universitet har blivit måltavla i Trumpadministrationens kamp mot ”galna marxister” som presidenten kallar ledningen där. Vad blir följderna? Ginna Lindberg, SR:s USA-korrespondent har följt frågan och ger en resumé och bild av stämningen. Hon har själv fått frågor av akademiker om hur de ska göra för att flytta till Europa med sin forskning. Historikern Johan Östli

The roundtable brings together three of the authors and a former journal editor, from the recent JCMS 20th Anniversary SYmposium to discuss: What does the Arrival of Planetary Politics tell us about normative power and the European Union?Ian Manners provides a reflection and prospective intervention on the development of normative power and thinking through the EU in the rest of the century. Kalyp

OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between meniscal tear, bone marrow lesions (BMLs), and post-injury knee loading, with cartilage T2 relaxation times on knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the subacute phase following acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.DESIGN: We studied both knees of 128 patients with ACL injury. The presence of meniscal tears and BMLs were determined on suba

Airway epithelium, formed by epithelial cells lining human airways, is a critical barrier against inhaled allergens, viruses, and pollutants. Beyond being a physical barrier, it functions as a first-line defense by secreting alarmins, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines, thereby activating other immune cells. In respiratory diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Airway epithelium, formed by epithelial cells lining human airways, is a critical barrier against inhaled allergens, viruses, and pollutants. Beyond being a physical barrier, it functions as a first-line defense by secreting alarmins, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines, thereby activating other immune cells. In respiratory diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether suicidality was documented prior to suicide in patients in contact with specialised somatic healthcare providers for physical conditions and to identify factors related to such documentation.DESIGN AND SETTINGS: Retrospective cohort study in which medical records from specialised somatic (non-psychiatric) healthcare services (internal medicine, infectious disease, s

OBJECTIVE: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) can accurately assess erosive disease in the hands, wrists and feet in established rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to compare CBCT with conventional radiography (CR) for the assessment of erosions in patients with early RA.METHODS: CBCT and CR of the hands, wrists and feet of 17 patients with treatment naive early RA were assesse

Water markets are increasingly advocated for combating agricultural water scarcity. However, in developing countries’ arid and semiarid regions, water market performance is greatly weakened by the insufficient demand-side and supply-side driving forces stemming from farmers’ limited awareness and capacity. Building an agent-based model and taking Hami City, Xinjiang in northwestern China as the ca

Wetland offset markets (WOMs) are increasingly applied worldwide as powerful tools for mitigating conflicts between wetland development and restoration. Reducing benefit uncertainty is key to promoting private restoration and introducing WOMs, which necessitates sufficient and stable price signals. Given that governments are important suppliers in WOMs, this article aims to explore the role of pub

Water productivity promotion is critical for achieving a balance maintaining the livelihood of large poor agricultural population and protecting ecological water in developing countries in arid and semiarid regions, and government financial payments play a significant role in this process. According to different water rights, government financial payment can be categorized as permanent water right

The interaction between water and land greatly affected the change of the riparian ecosystem service value (ESV) under the background of rapid regional development. In order to analyze the change of ESV, this study combined the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) and the P (pressure)-S (state)-R (response) framework to exploring its driving factors based on the ESV accounting method improved by

Given that the two institutional arrangements of government regulation and market allocation cannot effectively solve the conflict between individual and collective interests in the process of water pollution control, this work presents a useful attempt on the third institutional arrangement of environmental governance—social governance—to overcome the dilemma. Based on common pool resource theory

The imbalance between the supply and demand of ecological products between society and ecosystems is an important cause of a series of water ecological problems, and water ecological restoration projects aim to improve the above supply–demand relationship by means of inputs from the social side. For this reason, this paper takes the Yellow River Delta region as an example to launch a study on the

Dwell time is crucial for railway operations, for example, 20% of the total travel time in a mass transit context in the Paris region. With this, it is also a source of delays due to its variability. One way to ensure the robustness of a timetable is to add margins as buffer time that can be consumed to absorb short delays. Much work has been done on run time margins, but dwell time margins receiv

There can be situations, for example if gas containers have been damaged in a vehicle crash, when the fire and rescue service would like to depressurize the gas containers through shooting with a civilian rifle. Modern high-pressure hydrogen containers are designed for a working pressure of 700 bars. This means that they have a very thick and strong shell made of composite material. At the same ti