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Denna artikel behandlar frågan om multilaterala förmedlingsavgifter i kortbetalningssystem kan vara konkurrensbegränsande även om huvuddelen av transaktionerna sker till bilateralt bestämda avgifter. Det visas med hjälp av förhandlingsteori att sådana avgifter kan ha konkurrensbegränsande effekter. Olika nivåer på en multilateral avgift påverkar nämligen parternas konfliktutfall och en högt satt a
Menadione (Vitamin K3) has anti-tumoral effects against a wide range of cancer cells. Its potential toxicity to normal cells and narrow therapeutic range limit its use as single agent but in combination with radiation or other anti-neoplastic agents can be of therapeutic use. In this paper, we first evaluated the early (within 3 h) effect of menadione on ongoing DNA replication. In normal rat cere
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal malignancy of the female reproductive tract. Due to vague symptomatology, the majority of EOC patients are diagnosed in advanced clinical stages with poor survival rates, despite improvements in surgical techniques and the advent of targeted therapeutics. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers of early diagnosis, prognosis and
Religionssociologi är ett brett ämnesområde som belyser de sociala funktionerna av religion i dåtid likväl som i nutid. En av de nutida viktiga aspekterna av religionens sociala natur är dess förhållande till etnicitet. Etnicitet har under den senare delen av 1900-talet varit ett framträdande sätt att kategorisera grupper. Samtidigt har det framförts tankar om att denna form av social kategoriseri
Purpose: To test the hypothesis that the joint distribution of x-ray transmission and dark-field signals obtained with a compact cone-beam preclinical scanner with a polychromatic source can be used to diagnose pulmonary emphysema in ex vivo murine lungs. Materials and Methods: The animal care committee approved this study. Three excised murine lungs with pulmonary emphysema and three excised muri
Objectives To develop a score for assessment of patients' symptoms in primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS): the EULAR SS Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI). Methods Dryness, pain, somatic and mental fatigue were identified as the main symptoms of patients with primary SS, in studies developing the Profile of Fatigue and Discomfort (PROFAD) and Sicca Symptoms Inventory (SSI). It was suspected that a single
There is a paucity of research literature concerning frailty in older persons from the health care professionals' perspective. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to elucidate health care professionals' view of frailty in older persons. An explorative, qualitative design was selected and four focus groups comprising 21 health care professionals were conducted, audiotaped, transcribed verba
The Lyme disease spirochetes, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii. are tick-borne pathogens that can cause chronic disseminated infections. To survive in the human host borreliae need to evade the immune system. It is already well known that B. burgdorferi ss. and B. afzelii bind the complement (C) alternative pathway inhibitor factor H from serum using OspE a
An iterative method we previously proposed to compute nuclear strength functions [Toivanen et al., Phys. Rev. C 81, 034312 (2010)] is developed to allow it to accurately calculate properties of individual nuclear states. The approach is based on the quasiparticle random-phase approximation (QRPA) and uses an iterative non-Hermitian Arnoldi diagonalization method where the QRPA matrix does not have
The non-motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD) are often poorly recognized and inadequately treated in contrast to motor symptoms and a modern holistic approach to treatment of PD should, therefore, include recognition and assessment of NMS. Certain aspects of the NMS complex of PD can be improved with currently available treatments, both dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic, but other feat
Importance Active perinatal care increases survival of extremely preterm infants; however, improved survival might be associated with increased disability among survivors. Objective To determine neurodevelopmental outcome in extremely preterm children at 2.5 years (corrected age). Design, Setting, and Participants Population-based prospective cohort of consecutive extremely preterm infants born be
