Several efficient counters are presented. A nine-transistor divide-by-two circuit is used as a basic building block. With transistor sizing, an input frequency of 400 MHz can be adopted by an asynchronous counter, while an eight-bit synchronous counter can achieve clock rates of more than 200 MHz in a 3-μm CMOS process. The power consumption of the proposed precharged dynamic synchronous counter i

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is encoded by the gene that when mutated causes the primary immunodeficiency disease X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in humans and X-linked immunodeficiency (Xid) in mice. Btk is a member of the Tec family of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and plays a vital, but diverse, modulatory role in many cellular processes. Mutations affecting Btk block B-lymphocyte develop

SNAP-25 is important for Ca(2+)-dependent fusion of Large Dense Core Vesicles (LDCVs) in insulin-secreting cells. Exocytosis is further enhanced by cAMP-increasing agents such as GLP-1 and this augmentation includes interaction with both PKA and cAMP-GEFII. To investigate the coupling between SNAP-25 and cAMP-dependent stimulation of insulin exocytosis we have used capacitance measurements, protei

A high-speed binary counter and a divider using a new carry propagation scheme is presented. The critical logic depth is one and the maximum fan-in of gates can be reduced to two, independent of the number of bits in both the counter and the divider. The hardware grows linearly with the number of bits, making them well suited for a wide range of applications.

The dissertation analyzes a recognized collective political actor in Egypt, the shabāb al-thawra – the revolutionary youth. The thesis posits that in order to understand the shabāb al-thawra political actor, it is necessary problematize “revolutionary youth” beyond its nominative sense. Instead, the concepts of “youth” and “revolutionary” are conceived as communities of practice, whereby “youth” r

The duration of time domain (TD) induced polarization (IP) current injections has significant impact on the acquired IP data as well as on the inversion models, if the standard evaluation procedure is followed. However, it is still possible to retrieve similar inversion models if the waveform of the injected current and the IP response waveform are included in the inversion. The on-time also gener

OBJECTIVES: Prevalence and determinants of orthostatic hypotension remain largely unexplored in younger individuals without significant burden of chronic diseases. METHODS: We investigated frequency and main associations of impaired orthostatic response in a cohort of 469 middle-aged hypertensive patients and 453 of their normotensive first-degree relatives. RESULTS: 13.4% of hypertensive and 5.5%

Objective: The aim was to explore aspects of everyday life in addition to established risk factors and their relationship to subjective health and well-being among public sector employees in Sweden. Gainful employment impact on employees' health and well-being, but work is only one part of everyday life and a broader perspective is essential in order to identify health-related factors. Participa

An impressive number of new startups are launched every day as a result of growing new markets, accessible technologies, and venture capital. New ventures such as Facebook, Supercell, Linkedin, Spotify, WhatsApp, and Dropbox, to name a few, are good examples of startups that evolved into successful businesses. However, despite many successful stories, the great majority of them fail prematurely. O

Appearance of dyskinesia is a common problem of long-term Levodopa (L-DOPA) treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and represents a major limitation for the pharmacological management of the motor symptoms in the advanced stages of disease. An increasing body of evidence points to dopamine released as a false neurotransmitter from the striatal serotonin terminals as the main pre-synaptic d

Whereas deliver of health care is nationally based with great differences in ways of service provision and financing between countries, and thus not subject to international regulations, genetic testing has become more exposed to international regulations and conventions. This is due to an interest of protecting the individual for abuse by inappropriate use of genetic information, but also to the

The world-famous 'Orsten' Konservat-Lagerstätte has yielded detailed information about Cambrian arthropods and their morphology. Internal organs or soft tissues have, however, rarely been reported, an obvious palaeobiological drawback. In this study, we employed synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) to study microscopic 'Orsten' arthropods from the Cambrian of Sweden: Skara mi