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Cystatins are endogenous protease inhibitors that regulate the proteolytic activities of family C1 (papain-like) cysteine proteases, such as human cathepsins B, H, K, L, and S. Cystatin C shows the fastest inhibition and the highest affinity of all cystatins towards lysosomal cysteine proteases in general and is widespread in human tissues and body fluids. Alterations in the balance between the cy
Ethanol produced from renewable resources can be used to replace fossil fuels such as gasoline and diesel. This thesis deals with the development of the enzymatic process used for ethanol production from softwood. A techno-economic tool, based on Aspen Plus and Icarus Process Evaluator, was developed in which the whole process, from raw material to ethanol, was studied and critical process paramet
The test free-electron laser (test-FEL) at MAX-lab in Lund demonstrated for the first time circularly polarized coherent femtosecond pulses at 66 nm wavelength. A 375 MeV electron bunch was seeded by a femtosecond laser at 263 nm and coherent harmonics were extracted in an APPLE-II type elliptical undulator. A thermionic gun with a barium oxide cathode was adapted for photocathode operation, and t
Silicon is the next most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and its biogeochemical cycle is linked with that of carbon. Further, silicon is a beneficial nutrient for plants in terrestrial ecosystems and a key nutrient for diatoms in aquatic ecosystems. During the last decade the important role of terrestrial vegetation in controlling Si fluxes downstream aquatic environments, via incorporation
Factor H is the main fluid phase regulator of the alternative pathway of complement. Factor H acts as a co-factor for factor I-mediated C3b degradation, inhibits the formation of the C3bBb convertase and accelerates its decay. By discriminating between host and foreign cells, factor H inhibits complement-mediated injury to host cells. Factor H mutations have been associated with atypical hemolytic
The formation of the kingdom of Denmark is generally presented as a linear process linking ancient chiefs to the modern nation state of Denmark. This dissertation focuses on the small stories behind this great narrative of Denmark. The purpose is to show that there never was any formation process. Instead, encounters between people in the local landscapes and the Danish kingdom were both considera
This thesis consists of an introductory chapter and four research papers, summarized as follows. The overall purpose is to study various external effects of the transport system; effects that are not considered (or not fully considered) today. The first paper estimates the relationship between accident frequency and homogeneous and inhomogeneous traffic flows, which is useful for calculating the
The Grammar of The Hype digital information technology -IT- in retelling as myth its experienced reality and in scientific analysis or the IT-hype in the years prior to and at the turn of the millennium waiting for the next hype and the next, and“next”... This is the title of my thesis and it focuses rather on a particular “hype” than deals with the so-called information society as such. What is
The main purpose of this thesis is to examine the impact of social change on Chinese intergenerational relations in contemporary Singapore. Within only three decades, Singapore has turned into a wealthy and sophisticated metropolis with a highly educated labor force. The massive transformation, however, has been accompanied by the emergence of a deep and complex generation gap. Apart from the leap
Uncontrolled proliferation and invasion are two characteristics in tumour development and progression. Previous studies have shown that invading tumour cells in colorectal cancer have low proliferation in parallel to upregulation of the tumour suppressor p16. We set out to detail the p16 expression and proliferation in basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, tumours that are
For the sacrifice shelamim in the Hebrew Bible, scholars have suggested a number of different interpretations and uses. This sacrifice also had an ambiguous role in Israelite culture. Lack of a general consensus and the failure to reach a satisfying solution makes the shelamim a puzzle and an interesting sacrifice to investigate with insights gained from modern ritual studies. In this study, it i
The number of fractures is increasing worldwide, and fractures frequently cause long-term disability, impaired quality of life and sometimes death. The Malmö Preventive Project, a population-based, prospective study, consisting of 22 444 men, mean age 44 and 10 902 women, mean age 50 years, provides data for evaluation of common public health conditions, such as fracture and diabetes. The follow-u
In this Thesis, I studied some of the current aspects of organic matter photochemistry. I analyzed abiotic phototransformations of several types of dissolved (DOM) and particulate organic matter (POM). I also evaluated the effects of phototransformation of several types of DOM on bacteria. Finally, in a field experiment, I analyzed net effects of solar radiation on organic matter decomposition. DO
This study gives an account of a teaching situation in the eighth grade with 20 student's aged 14-15. The students have worked with a scientific problem focussed on the greenhouse effect and the earth's global warming, based on a problem solving and information seeking way of working in groups. Their task has been to describe the phenomena and factors that influence the earth's global temperature
The aim of this dissertation is to explore some of the problems associated with introducing authentic assessment in teacher education. In the first part of the dissertation the question is investigated, through a literature review, whether the use of scoring rubrics can aid in supporting credible assessment of complex performance, and at the same time support student learning of such complex perfo
This thesis is based on studies of the clinical use of induced hypothermia as an intervention to reduce mortality and neurological impairment after cardiac arrest. After the publication of two trials indicating benefit of induced hypothermia, we developed a registry to assess outcome, possible adverse events and conduct of induced hypothermia when this intervention was implemented in a clinical p
Contracts traded on international financial and commodity markets are associated with complex risk structures. In this dissertation we are concerned with two specific types of risks; market risks and credit risks. The first chapter investigates market risks in the context of the Nordic electricity market. The paper performs in- and out-of-sample backtesting of a VaR model based on GARCH volatili
The vantage point for this thesis is the passport as it was understood and used in the European Union from 1999 to 2001, as a requirement to cross the external borders of the EU and as a symbol of a united Europe free from a spectacular nationalism of the member states. According to nationalism, every nation should have its own state, and every state should be legitimized by a nation. If the mode
