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Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by hyperthyroidism and is caused by an interplayof genetic and environmental factors. One-third of patients with GD develop Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO). Keyprocesses in the pathogenesis of GO are inflammation and adipogenesis in orbital tissue. Strong risk factorsassociated with the development of GO are smoking and radioiodine treatment
Aims/hypothesis: Five clusters based on clinical characteristics have been suggested as diabetes subtypes: one autoimmune and four subtypes of type 2 diabetes. In the current study we replicate and cross-validate these type 2 diabetes clusters in three large cohorts using variables readily measured in the clinic. Methods: In three independent cohorts, in total 15,940 individuals were clustered bas
Importance: Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is presently approved for treatment of advanced breast cancer and after incomplete response to neoadjuvant therapy, but the potential of T-DM1 as monotherapy is so far unknown. Objective: To assess pathologic complete response (pCR) to standard neoadjuvant therapy of combination docetaxel, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab (DTP) vs T-DM1 monotherapy in patients
Annual rates of adrenalectomy have doubled in the last 20 years as a consequence of increased detection of adrenal incidentalomas, improved biochemical diagnosis, genetic screening, and minimally invasive surgical techniques. Most adrenal incidentalomas are benign non-functional adrenocortical adenomas. Functional adrenal tumours are associated with high morbidity if left untreated, and this may b
IMPORTANCE The positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [18F]flortaucipir allows in vivo quantification of paired helical filament tau, a core neuropathological feature of Alzheimer disease (AD), but its diagnostic utility is unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine the discriminative accuracy of [18F]flortaucipir for AD vs non-AD neurodegenerative disorders. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this cross-
It has been long known that hyperglycaemia-induced β-cell dysfunction precipitates type 2 diabetes (T2D) in insulin-resistant obesity, although the underlying mechanisms are still poorly defined. The few frequently used antidiabetic drugs on the market have still not satisfactorily demonstrated any long-lasting improvements of β-cell function and prevention of the disease. Islets synthesise and se
Endocrine disorders that lead to a state of chronic high blood glucose levels are collectively referred to as diabetes. This metabolic disease is mainly categorized into type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). These diabetic forms originate from distinct triggering environmental, genetic, and altered mechanisms. T2D is a consequence of metabolic load, peripheral insulin resistance, and failure of
Incretin-based therapy is associated with low risk of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) possibly due to its glucose-dependency in stimulating insulin secretion and a sustained glucagon response during hypoglycemia. This is of special relevance when it is combined with insulin or given to elderly patients since both insulin therapy and high age are associated with impaired glucagon co
The paper/presentation gives an overview of Peer-Assisted Study Schemes (SI-PASS) in Higher Education in Europe. SI-PASS is a method of improving student performance in “difficult” courses combining “how to learn” with “what to learn”. SI-PASS sessions are scheduled parallel to the regular education and are guided and facilitated by a “senior” student, the SI-PASS leader. The sessions are based on
På senare år har flera studier visat på att järnhalten ökar i sjöar och vattendrag i norra Europa. Järn spelar en nyckelroll i akvatiska miljöer genom att påverka tillgängligheten av andra näringsämnen i vattnet så som kväve och fosfor, vilket kan reglera tillväxten av växtplankton. Dessutom färgar järn tillsammans med organiskt material vatten brunt. När vattnet blir brunare försämras ljusklimate
Today, the innovation arena is open to a wider range of participants than previously acknowledged. One specifically neglected group of innovators in traditional innovation studies is non-R&D and non-managerial employees, also referred to as ‘ordinary’ employees by the existing body of literature on employee-driven innovation (EDI). These employees have no formal innovation function, meaning th
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Substantial deposition of the extracellular matrix component hyaluronan (HA) is characteristic of insulitis in overt type 1 diabetes. We investigated whether HA accumulation is detectable in islets early in disease pathogenesis and how this affects the development of insulitis and beta cell mass.METHODS: Pancreas tissue from 15 non-diabetic organ donors who were positive for islet
Sin ringa storlek till trots har insekter enorm inverkan på vårt samhälle och våra liv. Bin, som är centrala för att vårt jordbruk ska fungera, har minskat drastiskt i antal de senaste åren. En utbredd bidöd skulle i bästa fall tvinga oss lägga om vår kosthållning markant, och i värsta fall leda till svält. Utöver detta skulle växter som är beroende av bin för sin fortplantning och djur som äter bThis thesis treats entomological lidar from various angles: laboratory reference work on insects of interest, methodological development of lidar- and data processing methods, as well as field implementations of lidar techniques for entomological research. Insects are crucial components of ecosystems and are currently in a global decline. In this thesis, insects are mainly studied in their roles a
AbstractBackground: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major risk factor for ischemic stroke and the most common cause of cardioembolic stroke. Early detection of AF and AF subjects at high risk for stroke is therefore important. Beyond traditional strong risk factors, such as high age and hypertension, the improvement of risk prediction with existing risk scores, is modest for most other risk markers.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Obesity during pregnancy increases offspring type 2 diabetes risk. Given that nearly half of women of child-bearing age in many populations are currently overweight/obese, it is key that we improve our understanding of the impact of the in utero/early life environment on offspring islet function. Whilst a number of experimental studies have examined the effect of maternal obesity
Importance: Better understanding is needed of the degree to which individuals tolerate Alzheimer disease (AD)-like pathological tau with respect to brain structure (brain resilience) and cognition (cognitive resilience). Objective: To examine the demographic (age, sex, and educational level), genetic (APOE-ϵ4 status), and neuroimaging (white matter hyperintensities and cortical thickness) factors
Background: The relationship between dyslipidemia, inflammation and CV organ damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is complex. Insulin resistance and inflammatory cytokines interleukins (ILs) increase plasma triglycerides (TG). ILs also up-regulate expression of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) that, together with TG, decrease high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels. High TG, low HDL
