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Enhetliga analyser av narkotika i urin krävs för rättssäkerheten.

Drugs of abuse testing is used in various areas of society for detection and follow-up of drug use. In routine laboratory drug testing, immunoassays are employed for initial screening of specimens to indicate the presence of drugs. To confirm a positive screening test, a secondary analysis by mass spectrometry is performed. The »cut-off« is the pre-defined concentration threshold of a drug or drug

The different roles of crayfish in benthic food webs

I show that crayfish consume detritus, algae, macrophytes, and an array of invertebrates. Crayfish were found to reduce invertebrate densities. However, prey mobility seemed to be a key factor regulating the strength of interactions between crayfish and prey. Since crayfish seek to maximize growth, they benefit from feeding on invertebrates, shown to promote high growth rates. I found crayfish to

Insulin Polymorphism Crystallographic Characterization of Insulin Microcrystals

Insulin is a protein needed for the uptake of glucose from the circulating blood. In absence of sufficiently high insulin levels in the body or when the cells have a reduced sensitivity for insulin a disease state referred to as diabetes occurs. Treatment of diabetes generally requires daily injections of exogenous insulin. Many of the pharmaceutical formulations consist of insulin in a crystallin

Multi-Channel Acquisition and Visualization of the Dolphin Echolocation Beam – Instrumentation Design and Bioacoustic Results

Toothed whales (Odontocetes) use echolocation to navigate and find food in dark or murky waters. A wide range of innovative studies has since the 1960:s been used to characterize their echolocation beam and map out their echolocation skills. In order to render high quality recordings of the sounds emitted by these animals, advanced measurement systems are required. There are still interesting env

Aviatik och journalistik: Flygbaronen och medierna kring 1910

In the first years of the twentieth century, numerous attempts were made at powered flight. What is commonly labelled 'the pioneer era' (1900-1914) covers the unsteady beginnings of the motorized airplane as well as its large-scale introduction in warfare and for the transportation of goods and passengers. Initially regarded as a foolish toy for hazardous adventure, the airplane rapidly became a f

Ramavtalsinstitutet under luppen - En utredning med fokus på regelverkets betydelse ur ett konkurrensperspektiv

Svensk lagstiftning om offentlig upphandling bygger på EU-direktiv. Grundtanken bakom upphandlingsdirektiven är att värna om de friheter som följer av den inre marknadens reglering och att bidra till en effektiv konkurrens där upphandlande myndigheter från olika medlemsländer ska kunna tävla om offentliga kontrakt på lika villkor. En upphandlande myndighet som på förhand har svårt att bestämma vo