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We propose that a recently discovered event-related potential (ERP) component—the pre-activation negativity (PrAN)—indexes the predictive strength of phonological cues, including segments, word tones, and sentence-level tones. Specifically, we argue that PrAN is a reflection of the brain’s anticipation of upcoming speech (segments, morphemes, words, and syntactic structures). Findings from a long
Metrical versions of the Passion form a significant part of the substantial body of devotional literature written in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries. The aim underlying them was twofold: to meet the demand for works which could be used for purposes of educadon, edification, and private worship but also to show that the vanacul-ars could be used to produce distinguished works written in a
This dissertation explores how the school subject Swedish is constructed for various groups of upper secondary school students and how the meeting between teacher and pupils is embodied in a range of Swedish subjects. The overall aim of the study is to illustrate why the teaching of Swedish in the classes under investigation takes place the way it does, as well as to discuss possible changes on a
Pitch and voice quality are increasingly understood as closelyintertwined. While Swedish and Norwegian word accents have traditionally been understood in terms of pitch, Danish stød, which is systematically related when it comes to distribution and function, has been described as a type of creaky voice. According to the Laryngeal Articulator Model (LAM), both pitch lowering and creaky or harsh voi
The global surgery workforce is in crisis in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The shortage of surgery, obstetrics, and anesthesia providers is an important cause of the unmet need for surgical care in LMICs. The goal of this paper is to summarize the available literature about surgical physicians in LMICs and to describe ongoing initiatives to supplement the existing surgical workfor
