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In this article, we argue for a conceptual move from family-centred care (FCC) to a child-centred care approach and the implications for clinical nursing practice. Firstly, we argue that the parents and professional dominance constructs an asymmetric relationship towards the child, which may take away the focus from the child; Secondly, we need to renew efforts to promote the fundamental principle

Collective identities of the Self vs. the Other are not only conveyed in and between cultures through verbal discourse, but also through pictures. Cultural encounters are often comprehended by storytelling, the verbal expression of which has been abundantly studied. Pictorial manifestations of narration, however, have received comparatively less attention. Mostly, narration has been associated wit

PURPOSE: To report the change over time in intraocular pressure in patients treated with topical timolol or placebo.METHODS: Ninety patients with untreated ocular hypertension, defined as elevated intraocular pressure and normal visual fields, were randomly assigned to treatment and prospectively observed at 3-month intervals for up to 10 years in a double-masked fashion. The study end point was o

BACKGROUND: Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) has been shown to be one of the most important risk factors for developing glaucoma. Yet it has not been clearly demonstrated that IOP-lowering treatment can reduce the incidence of glaucoma damage in patients with ocular hypertension. The aim of the current paper was to report the results of a long-term study addressing this very problem.METHODS: W

PURPOSE: To evaluate the performance of the new perimetric threshold strategy SITA relative to older methods.METHOD: Thirty-two patients with either glaucoma or ocular hypertension performed two threshold visual field tests with each of three threshold strategies, SITA, Humphrey Full Threshold, and Fastpac. Testing was distributed over three visits, and testing order was balanced between strategie

PURPOSE: To describe and evaluate the new rapid SITA Fast computerized perimetric threshold strategy.METHOD: Computer simulations of visual fields were used to develop a new rapid threshold strategy, SITA Fast. In a clinical evaluation 30 patients were examined twice with each of the Full Threshold, Fastpac and SITA Fast strategies.RESULTS: SITA Fast had significantly shorter test time using on av

PURPOSE: To establish and evaluate inter-subject variability and normal threshold limits for the new SITA strategies and to compare them with those obtained with the traditional Humphrey Full Threshold algorithm.METHODS: Data from 330 eyes of 330 normal subjects were collected at 10 centres in order to establish limits of normality for the new SITA strategies and thus, to make it possible to subje

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare visual field test results as presented by the Statpac interpretation tools in tests obtained with the new short SITA Standard and the even shorter SITA Fast strategies to the traditional Humphrey Full Threshold strategy.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One eye of each of 44 glaucoma patients was examined four times with each of the Humphrey SITA Standard, SITA Fast, and Full

OBJECTIVES: To study the influence of test length in automated perimetry follow-up of glaucomatous eyes and, particularly, to determine if it is possible to usefully interpret test results obtained using a testing algorithm shorter than that used for baseline testing.METHODS: Automated perimetry findings were retrospectively evaluated in 31 patients with glaucoma for whom multiple Humphrey 30-2 te

Several earlier studies have shown improvement of glaucomatous visual fields after pressure reduction achieved by acetazolamide or filtering surgery, while other studies have given conflicting results. In the present study laser trabeculoplasty was used to reduce the IOP in 42 eyes with glaucomatous visual field defects. Although good pressure reduction was achieved, no general regression of field

We evaluated flicker comparison, a technique for detecting differences in serial fundus photographs. Serial optic disc photographs and computerized threshold visual fields were obtained every 3 months for an average of 40 months in 131 eyes of 81 patients with elevated intraocular pressure and normal visual fields. Two serial monophotographs were projected, optically aligned, and superimposed; ana

OBJECTIVE: To study prospectively the effects of perimetric learning in glaucoma patients.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients with newly detected glaucoma underwent repeated perimetric testing using the 30-2 full threshold program with the Humphrey perimeter. Each patient was tested five times at about 1-week intervals. No patient had undergone perimetry before entering the study.RESULTS: I

Reliability of patient performance in static computerized perimetry is important for evaluation of results. False positive answers tend to falsely increase measured threshold sensitivity. The frequency of false positive responses is traditionally measured by adding extra questions, catch trials, to the test. Catch trials are few and limited because of time constraints, leading to inexact estimates

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) show a decline in maximal exercise capacity and muscle strength as renal function decreases. Renal anaemia, skeletal muscle dysfunction, tiredness and increasing inactivity are the major causes of this deterioration. Exercise training improves maximal exercise capacity, muscle strength and endurance in young, middle-aged and elderly patients at all stages