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Cooperation and competition are both essential elements of economic life. Here we explore how cooperativeness in a prisoner's dilemma correlates with competitiveness in a sample of 9–12 years old children in Colombia and Sweden. Using two different measures and four different tasks for competitiveness, we find no consistent relationship between cooperativeness and competitiveness. However, we find
We look at gender differences in competitiveness, risk preferences and altruism in a large sample of children and adolescents aged 7–16 in Armenia. Post-Soviet Armenia has few formal barriers to gender equality but is also characterized by a patrilineal kinship system and traditional gender roles. In contrast to research conducted in Western countries, we find that girls increase their performance
In this article we compare cooperation among Colombian and Swedish children aged 9–12. We illustrate the dynamics of the prisoner's dilemma in a new task that is easily understood by children and performed during a physical education class. We find no robust evidence of a difference in cooperation between Colombia and Sweden overall. However, Colombian girls cooperate less than Swedish girls. We a
We look at gender differences among adolescents in Sweden in preferences for competition, altruism and risk. For competitiveness, we explore two different tasks that differ in associated stereotypes. We find no gender difference in competitiveness when comparing performance under competition to that without competition. We further find that boys and girls are equally likely to self-select into com
We explore gender differences in preferences for competition and risk among children aged 9–12 in Colombia and Sweden, two countries differing in gender equality according to macro indices. We include four types of tasks that vary in gender stereotyping when looking at competitiveness: running, skipping rope, math and word search. We find that boys and girls are equally competitive in all tasks an
Recent studies find that women are less competitive than men. This gender difference in competitiveness has been suggested as one possible explanation for why men occupy the majority of top positions in many sectors. In this study we explore competitiveness in children, with the premise that both context and gendered stereotypes regarding the task at hand may influence competitive behavior. A rela
Recent literature in economics has highlighted that competition and symbolic awards can provide non-monetary incentives. In this paper, we report on a step contest that we carried out at a large Swedish workplace in order to test whether competition for symbolic awards can be used to promote physical exercise. Each individual was equipped with a pedometer and registered the number of steps daily d
Local democracy is theoretically based on political parties offering different policies across and within sub-national geographical units. However, local democracy is embedded within a multilevel party and institutional structure that may compromise this endeavour. This study develops three expectations of policy variation: within party variation in political positions across geographical units; d
Aims: To explore the association between soluble neuropilin-1 (sNRP-1) and depression in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D). Materials and Methods: Multicentre, cross-sectional study including adults with serologically confirmed newly diagnosed T2D. Included variables: sex, sNPR-1 (low sNRP-1 was defined as <226 ng/mL), psychometrically assessed depression and anxiety, antidepress
Given incumbent-led autocratization in Tunisia, the article investigates support to democracy among youth in historically marginalized regions and the likelihood they will prefer the authoritarian alternative. Putting forth a framework for micro-level assessment of the cognitive and interpretive dynamics generating loss of popular support to democratic transition, the research problematizes the re
Electric power grids have a limited capacity for safe and reliable transfer of power. Due to the ongoing large-scale expansion of variable renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, there is a growing need for rapid gridcapacity increase.This thesis explores methods for improving and expanding grid capacity through control of converter-interfaced energy resources, including wind and solar pElectric power grids have a limited capacity for safe and reliable transfer of power. Due to the ongoing large-scale expansion of variable renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, there is a growing need for rapid gridcapacity increase.This thesis explores methods for improving and expanding grid capacity through control of converter-interfaced energy resources, including wind and solar p
An agonistic approach to ethnography illuminates the complexities of researching in Palestine, where violent Israeli border regimes create pro- found socio-political divides. This framework highlights the methodological challenges and the transformative potential of ethnographic inquiry in contentious environments.
Human society relies on, and interacts with, a diverse assortment of organisms and ecological systems, from the local to the global level. Research and management of these coupled social-ecological systems requires data that speaks to the variety of processes, statuses, and situations defined by them. Effective stewardship is enhanced by interdisciplinary thinking and, critically, access to intero
The increasing prevalence of mental health problems coupled with limited access to professional support has prompted exploration of technological solutions. Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a potential tool to address these challenges, yet their capabilities in psychotherapeutic contexts remain unclear. This study examined the competencies of current LLMs in psychotherapy-related tasks inclu
Anxiety disorders are common in children and adolescents, but access to evidence-based treatment is limited. Most clinical guidelines recommend stratified care, where less complex patients are offered low intensity interventions and complex patients more intensive options. Stepped care, where all patients initially receive low-intensity treatment, has gained traction due to its potential cost-effe
Introduction: The risk of celiac disease (CD) is high in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). While some studies have linked CD in children with T1D to impaired growth and poorer glycaemic control, results have been inconsistent. Further, no study has examined the relevance of whether the diagnosis of CD is established before, in conjunction with, or after T1D. We aimed to examine whether CD influ
ObjectivesTransdiagnostic models aim to uncover shared mechanisms across mental disorders. Reward responsiveness (the ability to experience pleasure from rewarding stimuli) is a plausible, yet underexplored, transdiagnostic mechanism linking obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and depression. This study used network analysis to (1) examine how key reward responsiveness domains are interlinked in i
