It is clear that technology is a key driver of economic growth. Much less clear is where new technologies are produced and how the geography of U.S. invention has changed over the last two hundred years. Patent data report the geography, history, and technological characteristics of invention. However, those data have only recently become available in digital form and at the present time there exi

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two frequent causes of dementia that share both clinical and neuropathological features. Common to both disorders are the neurofibrillary tangles consisting of aggregations of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Recently, a number of different pathogenic mutations in the tau gene have been identified in families with FTD and parkinsonism

The funnel metadynamics method enables rigorous calculation of the potential of mean force along an arbitrary binding path and thereby evaluation of the absolute binding free energy. A problem of such physical paths is that the mechanism characterizing the binding process is not always obvious. In particular, it might involve reorganization of the solvent in the binding site, which is not easily c

This paper presents a method that characterizes permanent magnet synchronous traction machines connected to the drivetrain of vehicles. The method does not need additional equipment but uses the control system of the vehicle to conduct the tests. The voltage reference from the control system together with measurements of the angular frequency yield the electromagnetic characteristics of the machin

A hybrid model is used for quantification of three resilience metrics: robustness, rapidity and resilience loss. The approach is demonstrated in a case study on a municipal electricity distribution system. An overall conclusion from the case study is that the suggested method provides an overview of the resilience metrics of the electricity distribution system and that it allows the network operat

In this paper we show how to build an economically optimal feedback control strategy for the re-dispatch of electricity generation. We assume that the operator steers production in a set of controllable power plants by altering the active power set-point of each generator, within a set of predefined set-points. The operators strategy will be based on balancing the operating cost against the expect

Purpose: Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common pediatric renal tumor. Treatment planning under International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) protocols is based on staging and histologic assessment of response to preoperative chemotherapy. Despite high overall survival (OS), many relapses occur in patients without specific risk factors, and many successfully treated patients are exposed to trea

We performed an exome-wide association analysis in 1393 late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) cases and 8141 controls from the CHARGE consortium. We found that a rare variant (P155L) in TM2D3 was enriched in Icelanders (~0.5% versus

IMPORTANCE Fluid overload occurring as a consequence of overly aggressive fluid resuscitation may adversely affect outcome in hemodynamically unstable critically ill patients. Therefore, following the initial fluid resuscitation, it is important to identify which patients will benefit from further fluid administration. OBJECTIVE To identify predictors of fluid responsiveness in hemodynamically uns

Harmonic task scheduling has many attractive properties, including a utilization bound of 100% under rate-monotonic scheduling and reduced jitter. At the same time, it places a severe constraint on the task period assignment for any application. In this paper, we explore the use of harmonic task scheduling for applications with multiple feedback control tasks. We present an algorithm for finding h

Tau positron emission tomography ligands provide the novel possibility to image tau pathology in vivo. However, little is known about how in vivo brain uptake of tau positron emission tomography ligands relates to tau aggregates observed post-mortem. We performed tau positron emission tomography imaging with 18F-AV-1451 in three patients harbouring a p.R406W mutation in the MAPT gene, encoding tau

Scattering of photons by phonons, or Brillouin scattering, enables manipulation and control of light and has led to revolutionary applications, from slow light to saser and cooling of micromechanical resonators. Recently, enhanced light and sound interaction has been demonstrated in waveguides. However, the design of the waveguide geometry tunes and alters the phonon and photon dispersion simultan

The concept of failed state denotes countries where institutions underpinning the legal and political order have fallen apart, meaning that government organizations do not have the capacity to enforce laws, guarantee rights, and provide core public goods, such as security and basic infrastructure. The concept gained prominence as a national security and international development narrative in the 1

Over the years, various technologies have been utilized for Natural Organic Matter (NOM) removal with varying degrees of success. Conventional treatment methods comprising of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, or filtration are widely used to remove NOM. An alternative to these conventional methods is to use spiral wound membranes. These membranes tend to remove too much hardness whilst bei

A 76-year-old man with a history of frequent syncope in youth and in the last 5 years was referred for a head-up tilt test. During the head-up tilt test, he developed a classical vasovagal reflex syncope. On immediate return to the supine position, the patient regained consciousness. Shortly afterward, the heart rate slowed distinctly and the patient became unresponsive with undetectable blood pre

Assessment of respiratory tract deposition of nanoparticles is a key link to understanding their health impacts. An instrument was developed to measure respiratory tract deposition of nanoparticles in a single breath. Monodisperse nanoparticles are generated, inhaled and sampled from a determined volumetric lung depth after a controlled residence time in the lung. The instrument was characterized

Background: Hemodynamic instability responsive to fluid resuscitation is common after a traumatic brain injury (TBI), also in the absence of systemic hemorrhage. The present study tests if an isolated severe TBI induces a decrease in plasma volume (PV). Methods: The study was performed in three groups of anesthetized and tracheostomized male cats (n = 21). In one group (n = 8), the cats were prepa