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Som en reaktion på de västerländska sanktioner som införts mot Ryssland efter invasionen av Ukraina har en parallell sjöfartsstruktur – i form av en så kallad skuggflotta – vuxit fram i allt större omfattning. Dessa fartyg används inte enbart för att kringgå sanktioner, utan utgör även betydande hot mot miljön, den maritima säkerheten och den geopolitiska stabiliteten, särskilt i känsliga havsområIn response to Western sanctions imposed on Russia following the invasion of Ukraine, a parallel maritime structure – the so-called shadow fleet – has expanded significantly. These vessels are not only used to circumvent sanctions, but also pose serious threats to the environment, maritime safety, and geopolitical stability, particularly in sensitive sea areas such as the Baltic Sea. This thesis

Bakgrund: Preoperativ ångest är vanligt förekommande inför kirurgiska ingrepp och anestesi. Ångest kan bottna i brist på information, oro för kirurgi/anestesi, komplikationer eller rädslan att dö. Hög preoperativ ångest är kopplad till negativa effekter, såsom: ökat behov av anestesimedel, instabilare vitalparametrar, mer postoperativ smärta och illamående, samt sämre återhämtning och sårläkning. Background: Preoperative anxiety is commonly experienced prior to surgical procedures and anesthesia. This anxiety may stem from a lack of information, concerns about the surgery or anesthesia, potential complications, or the fear of death. High levels of preoperative anxiety are associated with negative outcomes, such as increased need for anesthetic agents, less stable vital signs, more postoper

Bakgrund: Hemfödsel förekommer i begränsad omfattning i Sverige och planeras årligen av ett mindre antal kvinnor. Att föda på sjukhus utgör normen och barnmorskors råd och stöd utgår vanligen utifrån den sjukhusbaserade förlossningsvården. Denna utgångspunkt kan prägla hur valet att föda hemma bemöts och diskuteras i mödrahälsovården. Tidigare studier visar att kvinnor kan möta ifrågasättande och Background: Home birth occurs to a limited extent in Sweden and is planned annually by a small number of women. Hospital birth constitutes the norm, and midwives’ advice and support are typically based on hospital-centered maternity care. This perspective may influence how the choice to give birth at home is received and discussed within antenatal care. Previous studies have shown that women may e

Återbruk innebär att material och produkter återanvänds. Detta skiljer sig från återvinning genom att minimera ingrepp och bevara produkter innan de omvandlas till avfall. Återbruk i byggsektorn kan omfatta material som takpannor, skivor, betong, tegel, dörrar och fönster. För att möjliggöra återbruk finns metoder såsom att skydda material från påfrestningar, välja standardstorlekar, dokumentera mReuse involves reusing materials and products before they become waste. This differs from recycling by minimizing intervention and preserving products prior to their conversion into waste. Reuse in the building sector can include materials such as roof tiles, boards, concrete, bricks, doors, and windows. Enabling reuse involves methods such as protecting materials from damage, selecting standard s

This study addresses the challenge of precise, high-repetition-rate, single-shot measurements of the carrier–envelope phase in ultrafast optics. We constructed a Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on dual-arm white-light interference, and systematically investigated the intensity-to-phase coupling that arises during white-light generation. In the experiment, an acousto-optic modulator introduced sm

Against the backdrop of the European Union's Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), this study focuses on the compliance practices of medium-sized automakers in China and Europe under resource constraints and differences in technological capabilities. Through a multi-case comparative analysis of six mid-sized automakers in Europe and Chin, the study systematically explores the di

Conflict-related sexual violence against men occurs more frequently than often assumed, yet academic research and policy papers from international organizations tend to overlook male victims. The purpose of this study is to contribute to this limited knowledge by analyzing the effects of conflict-related sexual violence against men through a case study of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a co

Throughout history, rape and sexual violence has been regarded as a “spoil of war”, an unfortunate consequence of conflict. It was not until the 1990s that this notion was challenged by the emergence of the “rape as a weapon of war” framing of sexual violence, through which there was a global outcry to stop systematic violence against women in conflict. After having been recognised judicially thro

Bakgrund: I Sverige definieras nollseparation som oavbruten hud-mot-hudkontakt mellan mor och barn, snarast efter förlossningen. Vid kejsarsnitt kan det finnas hinder som gör att familjen separeras, vilket kan vara en källa till ogynnsam skadlig stress, både för det nyfödda barnet och den födande kvinnan. Med bakgrund till detta föreslås det att arbeta enligt principen nollseparation. Syfte: Att

Det här arbetet undersöker användningen av realtidsgenererade miljöer i virtuell verklighet (VR) som ett sätt att förbättra förståelse och bibehållandet av kunskap hos användare. Genom en iterativ designprocess integrerades en tal-till-text-modell i VR tillsammans med en algoritm för att hämta ut nyckelord. Systemet testades först i pilotstudier som prototyper, förbättrades genom feedback och anväThis thesis investigates the use of real-time environment generation in virtual reality (VR) as a way to enhance learner comprehension and knowledge retention. Using an iterative design process, a speech-to-text (STT) model was integrated into VR with a keyword-extraction algorithm, first as a prototype in pilot tests, refined with feedback then finally used in a user study. The study compared thr

Since Sweden's historic decision to join NATO in 2022, much attention has been given to the political decision-making process. However, less attention has focused on external influences in the non-political policy analysis. This thesis purpose has therefore been to investigate how Washington-based think tanks contributed to Sweden’s security policy analysis during the NATO accession process be

This study examines how small states construct and perform diplomatic roles in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), focusing on the 2023 tenures of Albania, Malta, and Switzerland. Using a theory-driven content analysis informed by constructivism, role theory, and the concept of niche diplomacy, the study explores how these states advanced national interests and projected identity within a

This thesis examines the relationship between state-led security deployments and electoral violence during Nigeria’s federal elections from 2011 to 2023. Using a mixed-methods approach that combines subnational quantitative data with qualitative document analysis. It assesses whether the presence of military and police forces reduces or exacerbates violence. While officially justified as preventiv

The following paper investigates the varying degrees of separatism in the Moldovan regions of Transnistria and Gagauzia. Through a comparative analysis it tries to answer the question of why Transnistria have not followed the Gagauzian way to a peaceful solution with the parent state of Moldova. By analysing and comparing both cases through four different variables it tries to find the most likely

Bakgrund: Varje år genomförs miljontals operationer världen runt och 60% av patienterna drabbas av svår postoperativ smärta. Postoperativ smärta är ett underbehandlat problemområde inom vården, och de som blir lidande är patienterna med påverkan på det dagliga livet och mående. Vårdpersonal och den postoperativa vården spelar en avgörande roll för hur smärta hanteras och behandlas. Både icke-farma

Begreppet embodiment innefattar den kombinerade upplevelsen av att ha en kropp respektive att vara en kropp. Empiri kring embodiment hos tonåringar är mycket begränsad och longitudinella studier saknas helt. Vår studie syftade därför till att explorativt undersöka hur embodiment förändrades över ett år, mätt med skalan 12-item Embodiment Scale och dess delskalor Harmonisk kropp, Disharmonisk kroppThe concept of embodiment entails the combined experience of having a body and being a body. Empirical studies regarding teenagers’ embodiment are limited, and longitudinal approaches are entirely lacking. Thus, the current study aimed to exploratively examine the one-year stability of embodiment, as measured by the 12-item Embodiment Scale and its subscales Harmonious body, Disharmonious body and

In this thesis the delegation of decision-making power in Swedish social assistance is explored, researching the variation in delegation and regulations across municipalities, as well as how those regulations impact the discretion of social workers in the field. The research questions are approached using quantitative document analysis to map the delegation orders of Swedish municipalities and a m

Sweden’s security policy has shifted significantly in recent years, prompting new ways of legitimizing military engagement. This study explores how the Swedish Armed Forces use language and narrative to manage this transformation by analysing two editions of their “soldier manuals” from 2005 and 2023. Drawing on theories of strategic narratives and ontological security, the study examines how thes

Ukraine is a war-torn society polarised by language, among other things. Examining Ukrainian civilians through the scope of everyday peace, a post-liberal local agency is given to people whose identity is threatened. This thesis researches everyday peace across the Ukrainian language divide during war to determine how the war impacts everyday actions, explanations, and the applicability of the the

This thesis examines how consultation bodies – including economic institutions, universities, government authorities and civil society organizations – reproduce economic-political discourses in their responses to the government’s proposed reform of the Swedish fiscal framework (FOU24:76). Although Sweden has a longstanding tradition of incorporating experts, such as scholars and economists in the