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The sub-cycle dynamics of electrons driven by strong laser fields is central to the emerging field of attosecond science. We demonstrate how the dynamics can be probed through high-order harmonic generation, where different trajectories leading to the same harmonic order are initiated at different times, thereby probing different field strengths. We find large differences between the trajectories

We measure spectrally and spatially resolved high-order harmonics generated in argon using chirped multi-cycle laser pulses. Using a stable, high-repetition rate laser we observe detailed interference structures in the far-field. The structures are of two kinds; off-axis interference from the long trajectory only and on-axis interference including the short and long trajectories. The former is rea

Human CUB and Sushi multiple domains 1 (CSMD1) is a membrane-bound complement inhibitor suggested to act as a putative tumor suppressor gene, since allelic loss of this region encompassing 8p23 including CSMD1 characterizes various malignancies. Here, we assessed the role of CSMD1 as a tumor suppressor gene in the development of breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. We found that human breast tumor

Background: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in pain control might predispose to exaggerated sensitivity or difference in opioid analgesic effect. The relevance of the KCNJ6 -1250G>A (rs6517442, c.-1787G>A) and the catecholamine-O-methyltransferase (COMT) c.472G>A (rs4680, Val 158 Met) single-nucleotide polymorphisms were studied in preterm infants needing intubation and randomize

The advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) into the management of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has profoundly improved prognosis. Survival of responders is approaching that of the general population but lifelong treatment is still recommended. In several trials, TKI treatment has been stopped successfully in approximately half of the patients with deep molecular response. This

This study focuses on Muslim fertility in Europe. Evidence from 25 countries suggests that the Muslim total fertility rate is on average 47% higher than the national level. However, we find a significant difference in the level of fertility of native-born Muslims and immigrant Muslims. The native-born have a 19% higher total fertility rate, while immigrants have 62% higher fertility. Our main rese

Molluscum contagiosum is a viral infection of the epidermis characterized by skin-colored papules or nodules frequently with a central depression. Atypical variants may occur, primarily in immunosuppressed individuals. We here report a case of »giant Molluscum contagiosum« in an immunocompetent child. The patient was presented with a fairly smooth nodule of 2 cm in diameter on the ring finger. Mol

Visceral arteries such as the coeliac (CA), superior mesenteric (SMA), and the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) might be affected by atherosclerotic occlusive lesions with or without thrombosis or embolization causing ischaemic symptoms from the gastrointestinal tract.After treatment of an acute event, these patients should be offered both non-pharmacological and pharmacological secondary preventi

Cervicogenic or cervical dizziness is debated as an entity. However, there exists both a physiologic basis and a multitude of clinical data to make such a disease concept at least possible and worth considering. In addition, the interaction of proprioceptive and vestibular mechanisms may amplify dizziness of other origin. Cervical pain and dizziness are both common symptoms and may coincide, and n

Variables measured in modern pulse oximetry apparatuses include a graphic pulse curve and a specified perfusion value (PV) that could be a sensitive marker for detecting differences in sympathetic activity. We hypothesized that there is a correlation between a reduction of PV and the time to eye opening after anesthesia with propofol-remifentanil. This study includes 29 patients, ASA physical stat

We consider dynamic optimization problems for systems described by differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). Such problems are usually solved by discretizing the full DAE. We propose techniques to symbolically eliminate many of the algebraic variables in a preprocessing step before discretization. These techniques are inspired by the causalization and tearing techniques often used when solving DAE

Prostate cancer (PCa) has a large familial component, but understanding of its genetic basis is fragmentary. Breast cancers may be associated with PCa, but whether this is true for other tumor types is poorly established. We used a novel approach to study familial associations of any type of cancer with PCa. We assessed the relative risk (RR) for all types of tumors as a function of the number of

Introduction: The development of neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors) against coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) is currently the most serious complication for patients with haemophilia A undergoing FVIII replacement therapy. Several genetic factors have been acknowledged as risk factors for inhibitor development. Aim: To analyze the influence of genetic factors on the nature of the humoral immune re

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are now being clinically utilized as glucose-lowering medications for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Their widespread use and effective glucose-lowering properties have led to great interest in the mechanism of action of this class of drug. Although it has been well accepted that DPP-4 inhibitors lower glucose in part by increasing postprandial insulin

AIM: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the radiosensitivity of the prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP, DU145, and PC3 when irradiated with beta particles emitted from (177)Lu, and to compare the effect with irradiation using alpha particles or gamma rays.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cells were irradiated with beta particles emitted from (177)Lu, alpha particles from (241)Am, or gamma ray

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) undergo a functional switch in neonatal mice hallmarked by a decrease in self-renewing divisions and entry into quiescence. Here, we investigated whether the developmental attenuation of B-1a cell output is a consequence of a shift in stem cell state during ontogeny. Using cellular barcoding for in vivo single-cell fate analyses, we found that fetal liver definitive

Purpose: The Catquest-9SF questionnaire is a unidimensional, reliable, valid and short patient-reported outcome measure for quantifying benefits in visual functioning from cataract surgery. Our aim was to develop a formal Dutch translation, calculate norm scores, assess its validity and test-retest reliability and provide an easy way for use in clinical practice. Methods: Translation of the questi

Measurement of serum testosterone (T) levels is recommended in the evaluation of osteoporosis in older men and estradiol (E2) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels are associated with the rate of bone loss and fractures, but the clinical utility of sex steroid and SHBG measurements for the evaluation of osteoporosis in men has not been examined. To evaluate whether measurements of T, E2,