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This article examines the foundation of β-cell failure in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and suggests areas for future research on the underlying mechanisms that may lead to improved prevention and treatment.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A group of experts participated in a conference on 14-16 October 2013 cosponsored by the Endocrine Society and the American Diabetes Association. A writing group prepared t

The structural and morphological characterizations of a chalcopyrite concentrate, collected from the Indian Copper Complex, Ghatshila, India, were carried out by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The concentrate powder was composed mainly of free chalcopyrite and low quartz in about 3:1 weight ratio. The particle size was about 100 mu m. Spe

Introduction. An increased rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been suggested in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The risk for myocardial infarction (MI), coronary artery disease and stroke has been reported as particularly prevalent in younger females compared with the reference population. This study was performed to analyse the standard incidence ratio (SIR) of and predict

Analysis of multivariate data sets from, for example, microarray studies frequently results in lists of genes which are associated with some response of interest. The biological interpretation is often complicated by the statistical instability of the obtained gene lists, which may partly be due to the functional redundancy among genes, implying that multiple genes can play exchangeable roles in t

Background Several European studies have found significant small area variation in the risk of childhood onset (type 1) diabetes (T1D) which has been interpreted as evidence for contextual determinants of T1D. However, this conclusion may be fallacious since the limited number of newborn infants and the low risk for T1D is a source of spurious variability not properly handled by usual statistical

Background The rate of uptake of volatile anesthetics is dependent on alveolar concentration and ventilation, blood solubility and cardiac output. We wanted to determine whether increased tidal volume (V-T), with unchanged end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PETCO2), could affect the arterial concentration of sevoflurane. Methods Prospective, randomized, clinical study. ASA physical status

P>Lyme borreliosis, caused by spirochaetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi genospecies complex, is the most commonly reported tick-borne infection in Europe and North America. The non-specific nature of many of its clinical manifestations presents a diagnostic challenge and concise case definitions are essential for its satisfactory management. Lyme borreliosis is very similar in Europe and North Amer

Purpose Primary lung adenocarcinoma remains a deadly disease. Gene expression phenotypes (GEPs) in adenocarcinoma have potential to provide clinically relevant disease stratification for improved prognosis and treatment prediction, given appropriate clinical and methodological validation. Experimental Design 2395 transcriptional adenocarcinoma profiles were assembled from 17 public cohorts and cla

PLATO 2.0 has recently been selected for ESA's M3 launch opportunity (2022/24). Providing accurate key planet parameters (radius, mass, density and age) in statistical numbers, it addresses fundamental questions such as: How do planetary systems form and evolve? Are there other systems with planets like ours, including potentially habitable planets? The PLATO 2.0 instrument consists of 34 small ap

Joint injury has been recognized as a potent risk factor for the onset of osteoarthritis. The vast majority of studies using imaging technology for longitudinal assessment of patients following joint injury have focused on the injured knee joint, specifically in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury and meniscus tears where a high risk for rapid onset of post-traumatic osteoarthritis is

Antioxidants are widely used by humans, both as dietary supplements and as additives to different types of products. The desired properties of an antioxidant often include a balance between the antioxidizing capacity, stability, and solubility. This review focuses on flavonoids, which are naturally occurring antioxidants, and different common substituent groups on flavonoids and how these affect t

The dense multipath components (DMC) represent the part of the radio channel that cannot be characterized by a superposition of distinct plane waves, i.e., the specular components (SC). In this letter, the propagation characteristics of the DMC are analyzed in indoor environments from two perspectives. First, the proportion of DMC in the total power is studied as a function of the distance between

Rankings of countries on mean levels of self-reported Conscientiousness continue to puzzle researchers. Based on the hypothesis that cross-cultural differences in the tendency to prefer extreme response categories of ordinal rating scales over moderate categories can influence the comparability of self-reports, this study investigated possible effects of response style on the mean levels of self-r

A conventional level-shifter is modified to extend the operation range down to subthreshold regime. Leakage current is reduced by utilizing transistor stacking, channel stretching, and reverse body biasing. The design has a standard-cell compliant layout and is fully integrated in a conventional digital design flow. The level-shifter is manufactured in 65 nm CMOS, and functionality is verified by

Because of their synthetic accessibility, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanoparticles are ideal building blocks for preparing multifunctional composites. In this work, we developed a general photocoupling chemistry to enable simple conjugation of MIP nanoparticles with inorganic magnetic nanoparticles. We first synthesized MIP nanoparticles using propranolol as a model template and perfluoro

The implementation of new surgical techniques offers chances but carries risks. Usually, several years pass before a critical appraisal and a balanced opinion of a new treatment method are available and rely on the evidence from the literature and expert's opinion. The frozen elephant trunk (FET) technique has been increasingly used to treat complex pathologies of the aortic arch and the descendin

Disperse dyes are well-known contact sensitizers not included in the majority of commercially available baseline series.

Flat-histogram techniques provide a powerful approach to the simulation of first-order-like phase transitions and are potentially very useful for protein studies. Here, we test this approach by implicit solvent all-atom Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of peptide aggregation, for a 7-residue fragment (GIIFNEQ) of the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 protein (SOD1). In simulations with 8 chains, we observe

Temperature measurements in trunks and branches in a mature ca. 100 years-old mixed pine and spruce forest in central Sweden were used to estimate the heat storage in the tree biomass. The estimated heat flux in the sample trees and data on biomass distributions were used to scale up to stand level biomass heat fluxes. The rate of change of sensible and latent heat storage in the air layer below t