Under which circumstances can the European Convention on Human Rights be applied to human rights violations perpetrated abroad by European military forces or other State agents? This question is highly relevant having in mind the European military presence in for example Iraq and Afghanistan. In contrast to the four Geneva Convention, applicable in armed conflict, the European Convention has a jur

This thesis concerns the problems that surround the implementation and enforcement of international humanitarian law in non-international armed conflicts. The provisions applicable to such conflicts are common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions together with Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions. The main obstacles surrounding the implementation of these provisions are of various natur

This thesis deals with irregular labour migration and human rights and analysis this issue in the case of Tajik irregular migrant workers in Russian Federation. The focus is on the examination of the human rights protection offered to regular and irregular migrant workers at international, national and regional levels. The case of Tajik irregular migrant workers in Russia is examined in order to r

Sri Lanka is a small island in the Indian Ocean with a population of 19.5 million. UN (2005), &lt&semichttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/country_profiles/1168427.stm&gt&semic, visited on 13th December 2005. History witnesseth of the Yakka &amp&semic Naga tribes ('Gothras') and the Nittevo The Nittevo are said to have been a dwarfish race of men who lived in the

The principle of legality is a fundamental principle of criminal law. It grants the defendant in a criminal trial protection from the arbitrary use of state power by binding the state to certain rules and guarantees. The exercise of state power in criminal prosecutions is bound by the separation of powers, the rule of law and the idea that criminal law should provide fair warning to the individual

Volatile conflicts, poverty and suppression of basic human rights stemming from one's political or religious affiliations, gender and race, are some of the various reasons why thousands flee home in the hopes of finding some kind of security. As the world observes the appalling deterioration of conflicts in Western Sudan, Iraq and Haiti, we simultaneously observe neighbouring or developed coun

When the United Nations was created in 1945, states were the only significant decision-makers. Even with the construction of the human rights regime in the aftermath of the Second World War, states were designated as the only duty-bearers who could violate international human rights law. States alone were held responsible for implementing human rights principles by enforcing treaty-based obligatio

Will developing countries benefit economically from strengthening their protection of intellectual property? They have been repeatedly urged to do so by developed nations. But so far there is little empirical experience of either quite successful or failed examples. What we could hear from the media seems that the international protection of IPRs is getting stricter and more codified, while the si

In June 2005 the Commission imposed a &euro&semic60 million fine on AstraZeneca for abusing its dominant position. This was followed in December 2005 by the Discussion Paper on the application of Article 82 EC, issued by the Directorate-General for Competition of the European Commission. This thesis discusses the interpretation of Article 82 EC and does this from the perspective of pharmac

This thesis provides a critical overview of the development of corporate governance practices in the EC. It seeks to determine if the Community should follow the US response to corporate governance fallouts or instead promote its own practices, taking into consideration the legal and economic backgrounds of the Member States. The analysis is supported with economic data, practical and doctrinal vi

The 2004 Merger Regulation introduced a change to the substantive test for the Commission's intervention in mergers. The Commission is now able to block mergers which significantly impede effective competition in the EC. The purpose of the change was to guarantee that the Commission could deal with all harmful effects to competition resulting from a merger. More specifically, the purpose was t

Communication between competing undertakings comes in different guises: It is an indispensable and inherent feature of every cartel, it is at the heart of the activities of every trade organisation, and today many firms are involved in some type or another of benchmarking, which is also based on an exchange of information between the participating companies. This thesis deals primarily with inform