In the hamiltonian formulation of fermions coupled to external gauge fields, the axial anomaly has a simple physical interpretation in terms of level shifting at the top of the Dirac sea. We apply this formalism to lattice QED in 1 + 1 and 3 + 1 dimensions, in order to study how the lattice regulation and small fermion mass affect the picture. For a simple choice of the E and B fields, it is possi

Cross sections for glueball production in hadron-induced reactions are estimated using the gluon-gluon fusion mechanism. For pp → θ(1700, JPC = 2++)X one finds σθ ∼ 2-10 mb in ISR-collider energy range. This cross section should give a clean experimental signal given the substantial KK decay mode observed in ψ → γθ.

Background: Calcium overload is a major cause of reperfusion myocardial injury. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has been previously used in visualizing coronary artery calcium, but not calcium deposits in reperfused infarction. Purpose: To assess the ability of MDCT to 1) noninvasively visualize and characterize calcium deposits in reperfused infarcts, and 2) monitor regional wall swellin

SU(2) lattice gauge theory in three dimensions is investigated on a 162×32 lattice. We find that R>×T Wilson loops are well described by a simple string theory for β in the (approximate) scaling region.

Recent SU(3) lattice Monte Carlo data (244 and 164) are analyzed in terms of a simple string model. Good agreement is found. Observed similarities between SU(3) and three-dimensional SU(2) indicate that the string theory is indeed an effective one.

Existing bag-model calculations for the masses of lowest-lying glueball states are extended and reviewed and compared to the present lattice Monte Carlo calculations. The predicted spectra agree remarkably well.

We consider SU(2) lattice gauge theory in three dimensions. The Wilson loops are found to be well described by a simple string model in the approximate scaling region.

Phenomenological consequences of a recently improved and unified study of the lowestlying hadrons in the MIT Bag model are explored. In contrast to earlier fits we find the new values for the Bag constant B1/4(200-230 MeV) and the hadronic radii R0(≈3.2 GeV-1) to be consistent with present estimates of the gluon condensate {Mathematical expression}, the Hagedorn temperature TH and experimental hyp

An effective spin-dependent interaction Hamiltonian for low-lying gluon modes is calculated to O(±s) in the MIT bag model. We give expressions for the energy shifts of low-lying glueballs.

Today's energy saving solutions for general illumination rely on efficient white light emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the output efficiency droop experienced in InGaN based LEDs with increasing current injection is a serious limitation factor for future development of bright white LEDs. We show using cathodoluminescence (CL) spatial mapping at different electron beam currents that threading disl

FELs are well known for generating highly coherent light with excellent brilliance. In order to improve FEL coherence we have to follow how coherence evolves along the undulator and determine the factors that influence it the most. This paper presents qualitative coherence features that shine new light on the importance of coherence studies in the design of an FEL. By simulating and then analyzing

A new Grain stream cipher, denoted Grain-128AEAD is presented, with support for authenticated encryption with associated data. The cipher takes a 128-bit key and a 96-bit IV and produces a pseudo random sequence that is used for encryption and authentication of messages. The design is based on Grain-128a but introduces a few changes in order to increase the security and protect against recent crypA new Grain stream cipher, denoted Grain-128AEAD is presented, with support for authenticated encryption with associated data. The cipher takes a 128-bit key and a 96-bit IV and produces a pseudo random sequence that is used for encryption and authentication of messages. The design is based on Grain-128a but introduces a few changes in order to increase the security and protect against recent cryp

A Soft X-ray Laser (SXL) beamline utilising FEL technology is being designed for the Short Pulse Facility (SPF) at the MAX IV Laboratory. A conceptual design study has been started following on the scientific case already prepared in collaboration between several Swedish Universities and driven by a strong (Swedish) user demand. The baseline goal of the SXL beamline is to generate intense and shor

This dissertation explores the public library’s democratic and popular educational role in a time when knowledge- and cultural institutions are affected by changes related to digitalisation. The purpose of the study is to examine how library activities, which in various ways are intended to increase individuals’ digital skills, information literacy and participation in society can be understood an

A review of existing life cycle assessments on food waste management was made with two main aims. Firstly, to make an overview of the assessments of the global warming potential from the treatment alternatives incineration, landfill, anaerobic digestion and compost in studies reported in literature. Secondly, to identify decisive factors in general and related to system boundary settings in partic

Using ethnographic data, this paper investigates the techniques used inside pubs, bars and nightclubs to solicit and sustain alcohol consumption among patrons. Focus is on venues with the majority of patrons belonging to the age group of approximately 15-35 years. The paper identifies a number of techniques, both overt and covert, including: alcohol advertising; special offers (e.g. 'Happy Hours'