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The interaction of two oppositely charged surfaces has been investigated using Monte Carlo simulations and approximate analytical methods. When immersed in an aqueous electrolyte containing only monovalent ions, two such surfaces will generally show an attraction at large and intermediate separations. However, if the electrolyte solution contains divalent or multivalent ions, then a repulsion can

BACKGROUND. The objective of this study was to identify prognostic factors for predicting survival in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who had undergone an allogeneic stem cell transplantation after failure on immunotherapy. METHODS. The authors Studied 70 patients with advanced RCC Who underwent allogeneic transplantation with a fludarabine-based, reduced-intensity regimen. Ten p

Indices of hip geometry are known to be predictive of hip fractures while sex and ethnic differences in hip geometry have been previously demonstrated. Age-related trends in hip geometry among Asians, however, have not been studied sufficiently. A total of 280 healthy, perimenopausal women, aged between 32 and 97 years, were selected from the Community Study Area of the Faculty of Medicine, Galle,

Objective To compare the quality of life (QoL) in men after radical cystectomy who had either a continent cutaneous diversion or orthotopic bladder substitution. Patients and methods Eighty men with at least 6 months of follow-up and with no signs of recurrent disease after radical cystectomy for bladder carcinoma, and who had either a continent cutaneous diversion or orthotopic bladder substituti

We examined the selective consequences of variation in behaviour and endocrine physiology in two female throat-colour morphs of the lizard, Uta stansburiana in the wild. Female morphs differed in home-range distribution patterns and corticosterone levels in relation to the density and frequency of their female neighbours. Levels of plasma corticosterone of yellow-throated females increased with in

The N terminus of the human MUC2 mucin (amino acids 1-1397) has been expressed as a recombinant tagged protein in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The intracellular form was found to be an endoglycosidase H-sensitive monomer, whereas the secreted form was an oligomer that gave monomers upon disulfide bond reduction. The secreted MUC2 N terminus contained a trypsin-resistant core fragment. Edman sequen

Quasistatic propagation of a short edge crack, located within one grain of a bcc material has been studied using a discrete dislocation technique. The geometry is modelled by distributed dislocation dipole elements and the plasticity by discrete dislocations. The crack is assumed to grow through a single shear mechanism due to nucleation and annihilation of dislocations along preferred slip planes

Resource sharing in heterogeneous environments has been shown to increase growth and survival of clonal plants. In addition, plants in harsh climates have been suggested to have higher levels of resource sharing than plants in milder climates. We experimentally investigated the level of resource sharing in plants from garden and forest habitats from two regions with contrasting climates. The clona

Coherent control of collective spontaneous emission in an extended atomic ensemble resonantly interacting with single-photon wave packets is analyzed. A scheme for coherent manipulation of collective atomic states is developed such that superradiant states of the atomic system can be converted into subradiant ones and vice versa. Possible applications of such a scheme for optical quantum-state sto

We use the results from a recent investigation of hard parton-parton gravitational scattering in the ADD scenario to make semi-quantitative predictions for a few standard high-E-perpendicular to jet observables at the LHC. By implementing these gravitational scattering results in the PYTHIA event generator and combining it with the CHARYBDIS generator for black holes, we investigate the effects of

Using a variety of dedicated surface sensitive techniques, we studied the interaction of hydrogen with bare and adsorbate modified RuO2(110) surfaces on the atomic scale. Hydrogen interacts strongly with the undercoordinated O atoms, thereby forming hydroxyl groups and passivating available oxygen species on the oxide surface, for instance, for the catalytic CO oxidation reaction. Temperature prog

We present exact algorithms with exponential running times for variants of n-element set cover problems, based on divide-and-conquer and on inclusion exclusion characterizations. We show that the Exact Satisfiability problem of size l with m clauses can be solved in time 2(m)l(O(1)) and polynomial space. The same bounds hold for counting the number of solutions. As a special case, we can count the

The paper addresses a certain nonlocal plasticity model, where the consistency condition may be rewritten from a Fredholm equation of the second kind into a second order differential equation. Hereby, a case of equivalence between a nonlocal model and a gradient model will be found. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Background: Among patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction, those with terminal QRS distortion (grade 3 ischemia) have higher mortality and larger infarct size (IS) than patients without QRS distortion (grade 2 ischemia). Methods: We assessed the relation of baseline electrocardiographic ischemia grades to area at risk (AR) and myocardial salvage [100 (AR - IS)/AR] in 79 patients who

Bees and wasps perform systematic flight manoevres when they leave their nest or a foodplace, during which they acquire or update their visual memory of the goal location. In a typical learning flight, the insect backs away from the goal in a series of arcs that are roughly centred on the goal. The mean rate of turning is rather constant and tends to balance the angular speed at which the arc is d

Colour vision greatly enhances the discriminatory and cognitive capabilities of visual systems and is found in a great majority of vertebrates and many invertebrates. However, colour coding visual systems are confronted with the fact that the external stimuli are ambiguous because they are subject to constant variations of luminance and spectral composition. Furthermore, the transmittance of the o