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Intentional or accidental introduction of species to new locations is predicted to result in loss of genetic variation and increase the likelihood of inbreeding, thus reducing population viability and evolutionary potential. However, multiple introductions and large founder numbers can prevent loss of genetic diversity and may therefore facilitate establishment success and range expansion. Based o
Biosynthetic nerve grafts are desired as alternative to autologous nerve grafts in peripheral nerve reconstruction. Artificial nerve conduits still have their limitations and are not widely accepted in the clinical setting. Here we report an analysis of fine-tuned chitosan tubes used to reconstruct 10 mm nerve defects in the adult rat. The chitosan tubes displayed low, medium and high degrees of a
Clinical pathways aim to ensure that individuals receive appropriate evidence-based care and interventions, with the Liverpool Care Pathway for the Dying Patient focusing on end of life. However, controlled studies of the Liverpool Care Pathway for the Dying Patient, particularly outside of cancer settings, are lacking.
High levels of the antimicrobial peptide, LL-37, are detected in gingival crevicular fluid from patients with chronic periodontitis. LL-37 not only shows antimicrobial activity but also affects host-cell viability. The objective of the present study was to identify endogenous mechanisms that antagonize the detrimental effects of LL-37 on osteoblast viability, focusing on the human peptide p33 expr
We propose the use of atomic Wehrl entropy associated to the reduced atomic density operator as an entanglement indicator of bipartite systems. This is applied to a two-level system (one single harmonically trapped ion) by taking into account the linear center-of-mass-motional degree of freedom. Detailed analytical and explicit expressions are given, taking into account different configurations. T
In a previous study a group of children with cerebral palsy (CP) were found to have considerable difficulties with narratives, performing several standard deviations below the criteria for the Information score of the Bus Story Test (BST). To examine in depth the performance of children with CP and a control group with typically developing (TD) children on a narrative task, in order to search for
Lymphomas belong to the few cancer sites with increasing incidence over past decades, and only a few risk factors have been established. We explored the association between education and the incidence of lymphoma in the prospective EPIC study. Within 3,567,410 person-years of follow-up, 1,319 lymphoma cases [1,253 non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) and 66 Hodgkin lymphomas (HL)] were identified. Cox prop
The responses of the benthic marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima to nutrient stress induced by unbalanced N:P ratios were the subject of this study. Batch cultures of P. lima cells were grown under NP sufficient (N as nitrate and ammonium) and deficient conditions, and the cell growth and toxicity were followed for eight weeks. P. lima grew slowly in all nutrient conditions and net growth rate
This overview paper examines three areas crucial to understanding why, despite clear scientific evidence for the growing environmental impacts of tourism transport, there is large-scale inertia in structural transitions and a lack of political will to enact meaningful sustainable mobility policies. These include the importance of addressing socio-technical factors, barriers posed by “technology my
This paper discusses the significance of physical models in engineering education. Obvious assets, drawbacks and the educational role of such models are discussed, and the idea of 'open physical models' is introduced. A couple of sophisticated open physical models (an unmanned rotorcraft and an inverted pendulum robot), used in control engineering courses, are presented. Basic ideas and concepts,
In autophagy, the double-membrane autophagosome delivers cellular components for their degradation in the lysosome. The conserved Ypt/Rab GTPases regulate all cellular trafficking pathways, including autophagy. These GTPases function in modules that include guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activators and downstream effectors. Rab7 and its yeast homologue, Ypt7, in the context of such a mod
Golgi cells have a central position in the cerebellar cortical network and are indirectly connected to Purkinje cells, which are important for the acquisition of learned responses in classical conditioning. In order to clarify the role of Golgi cells in classical conditioning, we made extracellular Golgi cell recordings during different stages of conditioning, using four different conditional stim
The F-FCSR stream cipher family has been presented a few years ago. Apart from some flaws in the initial propositions, corrected in a later stage, there are no known weaknesses of the core of these algorithms. Two variants, F-FCSR-H and F-FCSR-16, were proposed in the eSTREAM project, and F-FCSR-H v2 is one of the ciphers selected for the eSTREAM portfolio. In this paper we present a new and sever
1. Despite recent interest in linkages between above- and below-ground communities and their consequences for ecosystem processes, much remains unknown about their responses to long-term ecosystem change. We synthesize multiple lines of evidence from a long-term natural experiment to illustrate how ecosystem retrogression (the decline in ecosystem process rates due to long-term absence of major di
Network re-optimization is a process that must be triggered periodically in order to improve the inefficient resource allocation of online routing heuristics due to the uncertainty of online lightpath demand arrivals and departures. Network re-optimization involves two tasks: a) finding new lightpaths for a (sub)set of current demands, i.e. rerouting, and b) migrating the current traffic to the ne
In this study, the residual stresses in a thermal-sprayed tungsten carbide-cobalt coating are numerically investigated after a plasma-spraying process and after a subsequent roller-burnishing process. The results from the simulations are compared to the first experimental results obtained by a classical hole-drilling method. First, effective material parameters are identified by a detailed microst
When double-stranded DNA molecules are heated, or exposed to denaturing agents, the two strands are separated. The statistical physics of this process has a long history and is commonly described in terms of the Poland-Scheraga (PS) model. Crucial to this model is the configurational entropy for a melted region (compared to the entropy of an intact region of the same size), quantified by the loop
