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Models predicting ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange under future climate change rely on relatively few real-world tests of their assumptions and outputs. Here, we demonstrate a rapid and cost-effective method to estimate CO2 exchange from intact vegetation patches under varying atmospheric CO2 concentrations. We find that net ecosystem CO2 uptake (NEE) in a boreal forest rose linearly by 4.7
This paper introduces a modified construction method of synthetic basis functions (SBFs) for analyzing the radiation problems of phased antenna arrays. The effect of the feeding sources and the responses of incident electromagnetic fields are two relatively independent solution spaces. Singular value decomposition (SVD) method is used to extract the characteristic modes to the array from the two s
In this paper, a hybrid method of generalized transition matrix (GTM) and local physical optics (PO) is proposed. The GTM of a scatterer is defined uniquely to describe the relationship between the out-going fields and the incident fields on a specified reference surface. The PO algorithm is applied to obtain current distribution on the electrically large platform. Due to the locality principle, F
In this article, a novel Ka band conductor‐backed coplanar waveguide to substrate integrated waveguide transition is presented. The new structure integrates the classical current probe transition with asymmetrical stepped impedance transformer to improve the operating bandwidth. An equivalent circuit model is also given, which clearly illustrates the operational principle of this new transition. F
In this paper a generalized transition matrix method is utilized to analyze the equivalent model for antenna element.The characteristics of antenna element can be extracted from the internal complex structure of the antenna element to an external reference surface through generalized transition matrix and mapping vectors.The generalized transition matrix module contains three parts:a generalized t
The institution ‘Barnahus’ [Children’s House] have been established in the Nordic countries in purpose to improve the investigations and collaboration of involved agencies in protecting children in suspicion of being victims of serious crimes of abuse. Sometimes children visit Barnahus with their parents. In Sweden when custodians or related persons are suspected, children can be summoned to Barna
This article explores Sweden’s multiple roles in foreign policy in relation to its actions as an EU member state, seeking also to contribute to the understanding of small-state roles and behaviour at the dawn of a new age of uncertainty in Europe. Based on analytical tools derived from role theory within foreign policy analysis, as well as European integration theory, the article presents an analy
Background: KDMlysine demethylase family members are related to lung cancer clinical outcomes and are potential biomarkers for chemotherapeutics. However, little is known about epigenetic alterations inKDMgenes and their roles in lung cancer survival.Methods: Tumor tissue samples of 1230 early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were collected from the five independent cohorts. The 3
The adaptive Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (aLASSO) method is an algorithm for simultaneous model selection and parameter estimation with oracle properties. In this work we derive an adaptive LASSO type estimator for diffusion driven stochastic differential equation under weak conditions, specifically that the algorithm does not rely on high frequency properties.All conditional m
Chromatography is an important separation process for several industries due to its ability to separate components with similar physical properties, which are difficult to separate otherwise. This method may also give high product purity, which is necessary for production of biopharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. However, conventional feedback control systems cannot be utilized to control most chr
Despite the societal importance of extreme hydroclimate events, few palaeoenvironmental studies of Scandinavian lake sediments have investigated flood occurrences. Here we present a flood history based on lithological, geochemical and mineral magnetic records of a Holocene sediment sequence collected from contourite drift deposits in Lake Storsjön (63.12° N, 14.37° E). After the last deglaciation,
This thesis contributes to research on experimental and behavioral economics as well as auction theory. It consists of five papers.The first paper, Differences Attract: An Experimental Study of Focusing in Economic Choice, studies whether individuals' decisions are affected by focus effects. The focus effect suggests that individuals focus more on an attribute that has a larger difference among th
