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Despite recent successes in the identification of genetic susceptibility loci, no familial risk has been demonstrated for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). We identified 3994 childhood ALL cases from two cancer registries; family members were obtained from population registers. The standardized incidence ratio for familial risk in singleton siblings and twins was 3.2 (95% confidence i

Preclinical data indicate that oestrogen appears to play a beneficial role in the pathophysiology of and recovery from critical illness. In few previous epidemiologic studies, however, have researchers analysed premenopausal women as a separate group when addressing potential gender differences in critical care outcome. Our aim was to see if women of premenopausal age have a better outcome followi

Temperatures in the Arctic regions are rising, thawing permafrost and exposing previously stable soil organic carbon (OC) to decomposition. This can result in northern latitude soils, which have accumulated large amounts of OC potentially shifting from atmospheric C sinks to C sources with positive feedback on climate warming. In this paper, we estimate the annual net C gas balance (NCB) of the su

Quantitative information about outdoor thermal comfort, on various temporal and spatial scales, is required to design better cities and mitigate heat problems not only in warm but also in temperate climates. The overall objective of this study is to explore the augmentation of global/regional climate changes by urban features such as geometry in a compact mid-rise high-latitude city (Gothenburg).

Agricultural intensification has been vital for meeting global food demand but has caused environmental degradation. This has disrupted the ability of soil to provide vital ecosystem services. Organic farming is often thought to conserve and utilise soil ecosystem services, and thus be a more sustainable method of food production than conventional farming. However, evidence for this is equivocal,

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: För 420 miljoner år sedan, under den tidsperiod som kallas för silurtiden, låg Sverige vid ekvatorn. Stora delar av landet var täckt av ett grunt och tropiskt hav där bland annat koraller, bläckfiskar, trilobiter och havsskorpioner trivdes. Även Gotland låg under havsytan och det var under denna tid som den kalksten som utgör öns berggrund byggdes upp. Förutom dThe Late Silurian Lau Event is one of the three major events identified in the Gotland strata. It is associated with one of the largest stable carbon isotope excursion recorded in the Phanerozoic, as well as rapid lithology changes, and extinctions and faunal turnovers among various fossil groups. In this study, early vertebrates (fishes) were investigated over the Lau Event interval. The study wa

Event är korta tidsintervall som skiljer längre episoder med stabila oceaniska förhållanden från varandra. När cirkulationen i världshaven tillfälligt stängs av under ett event förändras fauna- och bergartssammansättningen, och även isotopförhållandena. Målet med detta arbete har varit att utröna hur de sensiluriska brachiopoderna reagerade på det globalt kända Lau Event. På Gotland omfattar det lThe impact of the Ludfordian Lau Primo-Secundo Event on brachiopods from Gotland has been investigated. About 12 000 individuals were identified from five samples. The results are supplemented by an extensive literature study. On Gotland, the Lau Event spans the Botvide Mbr (uppermost När Fm, upper Hemse Group) and the Eke Fm. It caused extinctions, faunal, sedimentary and isotopic changes. Conodo

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Förekomsten av finkorniga granitgångar är ett potentiellt problem vid lagring av kärnbränsle i berggrunden eftersom de utgör svaghetszoner. Det är därför viktigt att ta reda på hur dessa gångar beter sig i berggrunden. Huvudsyftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka om de finkorniga granitgångarna är kontrollerade av några strukturer i tunneln vid ÄspölaborThe occurrence of fine-grained granite (FGG) dykes is one of the potential problems in the storage of nuclear waste in the bedrock. It is therefore important to locate and characterise such dykes. The major object in this thesis is to investigate, whether the FGG dykes at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (ÄHRL) are structurally controlled. This involves measuring the orientations of the dykes, to cor

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Geologisk bakgrund. För ca 200 miljoner år sedan, vid gränsen mellan tidsperioderna Trias och Jura, var Sverige en del av superkontinenten Pangea. Skåne låg vid kusten av ett större hav som täckte stora delar av Danmark. Klimatet var varmt och fuktigt och detta bidrog i hög grad till att de mer höglänta områdena i nordost vittrade och eroderades. Floder och andA palynological study has been conducted on Late Triassic and Early Jurassic outcrop- and borehole sections of the Höganäs and Rya formations, NW Scania. The diverse and generally well preserved palynomorph assemblages can be divided into three miospore zones: (1) the latest Rhaetian-?Hettangian Transitional interval; (2) the Hettangian Pinuspollenites-Trachysporites Zone; and (3) the Sinemurian C

A discussion on whether different national interpretations sit comfortably with the rationale for the uniform Court of Justice term "worker" and whether this situation can be justified in the light of the potential unlevelling of the internal market and Article 30 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights

Background: A major challenge of today is to protect the marine ecosystem from a total collapse. Overfishing, illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing, climate change in the sea, coral bleaching, ocean acidification, marine pollution impacts of coastal development, exotic and invasive species and last but not least all the cumulative impacts, are just some of the factors degrading our marine en

In Cameroon, there is a tradition for heterosexual family system inherent in a patriarchal order of things; accordingly, this study shed light on how gender pervades into, and ‘force’ migrants to remit in order to fulfill family expectations at the country of origin. Contemporary academic studies and reports from various organizations have highlighted the active role of women as migrants and remit

This thesis is focused on exploring what insights a human ecological perspective could provide on the understanding and practice of political consumerism. This is divided and conducted in two sections, the first section is a theoretical discussion which is devoted to defining political consumerism and reconseptualizing some aspects and components of it as well as to positioning it in a wider and m